希罗多德《历史》中的因果解释

发布时间：2018-05-04 19:00

本文选题：希罗多德 + 《历史》　；参考：《东北师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：希罗多德被罗马演说家西塞罗称为“历史学之父”，代表著作《历史》较为全面的介绍了希波战争的相关史实。在因果关系的解释上，希罗多德主要采用两种模式，即现代因果解释模式和非现代因果解释模式。其中，非现代因果解释模式所受非议较大。然而，对于因果解释的思维方式，单纯的用现在的所谓科学眼光看待，显然是有失公允的。因此，本文的问题意识便是探究这些非现代逻辑的因果解释，梳理这些因果事件中的被解释项和解释项，并分析二者之间逻辑的构建方式，进而探讨古典语境下希罗多德因果解释的特点。首先，整理希罗多德《历史》中因果解释事件当中的被解释项。大致包括军事问题、政治问题、宗教问题、人物命运和自然现象几个方面。其次，在解释上述被解释项时，希罗多德往往利用特定的解释项来解释事物。总结起来，可以分为自然角度的解释项、神意角度的解释项、人为角度的解释项、传说角度的解释项和命运角度的解释项。这些类型或与被解释项的类型相重合，或与之互为解释和交叉解释。进而，从中分析希罗多德构建二者的联系时所采用的因果逻辑方式。其一，往往以征兆作为事件因果联系的纽带；其二，以归纳和演绎的方式构建；其三，，以对神话的态度构建；其四，以隐含的终极动因构建。最后，经过研究可以看到，在古典语境下，这些因果解释呈现出神本和人本关系错综复杂、体现古希腊的普遍价值观念和具有自觉的因果批判意识等不同以往的时代特点。
[Abstract]:Herodotus was called the father of history by Cicero, the Roman orator. In the interpretation of causality, Herodotus mainly adopts two models, namely, modern causality interpretation model and non-modern causality interpretation model. Among them, non-modern causality explanation model receives much criticism. However, the way of thinking about causality explanation is obviously unfair to the present-called scientific perspective. Therefore, the problem consciousness of this paper is to explore the causal explanations of these non-modern logic, to sort out the explained items and explanatory items in these causal events, and to analyze the ways of constructing the logic between them. Then it discusses the characteristics of Herodotus causality interpretation in classical context. First, sort out the explained terms in Herodotus's causal event. It includes military, political, religious, personal fate and natural phenomena. Secondly, Herodotus often uses specific explanatory terms to explain things. To sum up, it can be divided into natural explanation, divine interpretation, artificial explanation, legend explanation and destiny explanation. These types either coincide with, or intersect with, the type of item being interpreted. Furthermore, the causal logic used by Herodotus to construct the connection between the two is analyzed. First, the symptom is often used as the link of event causality; second, it is constructed by inductive and deductive way; third, it is constructed by the attitude of myth; fourth, it is constructed by implicit ultimate motivation. Finally, through the study, we can see that in the classical context, the explanation of causality is complicated and complex, which reflects the common values of ancient Greece and the consciousness of causality criticism, which is different from previous times.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K095.45

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