知识考古学视野下美国“荒野”内涵的演变

发布时间：2018-05-29 01:08

本文选题：知识考古学 + “荒野”　；参考：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：荒野史作为环境史这门新史学的一个次分支领域,其研究对象不仅仅是“荒野”内涵的界定,更为重要的是挖掘时代背景下“荒野”内涵转变背后的社会历史意蕴。遵循上述问题意识和研究思路,文章的结构如下:文章的绪论部分,首先阐述了运用知识考古学的研究方法深入考察影响“荒野”内涵发生转变的实质性因素,其次梳理了国内外有关“荒野”内涵议题的研究现状并提出了文章的写作意图。文章从纵向维度阐述了不同时期人类对“荒野”所持观念的转变历程。第一章主要追溯了殖民地时期的“荒野”内涵。白人到达之初的美洲大陆呈现给欧洲移民的景象即是一片荒凉之地,是神秘与邪恶的代名词以及需要被征服的对象;同样在拓荒者的观念中,荒野成为文明的障碍物;然而在诸多早期以荒野为主题的文学作品中,除了对荒野的理解带有文化上的偏见外,一些文学作家也抒发了对荒野的欣赏。第二章论述了19世纪中后期“荒野”内涵的演变过程及其影响因素。在浪漫主义思潮的影响下,荒野日益受到不同群体的关注,人们开始意识到荒野兼具美学和精神价值,是美国有别于其他国家的标志;此外,艾默生和梭罗将自然的哲学认知理念不断渗透至文学作品中,故在改变美国人对荒野的认知方式上发挥了关键性的作用;在美国内战后的十年,荒野理念已经完全融入到强大的民族国家概念里,所以尊重自然和坚持文化的殖民思想并存。第三章集中探讨进入20世纪以后,由于城市化和工业化的弊端日益暴露,人类开始重新审视文明与进步。在现代荒野理念的指引下,荒野被赋予了神圣崇高的内涵,是人类文明的解毒剂;此外,围绕“荒野”内涵的争论不休,直至“荒野”一词在法律层面上得以界定以及明确了荒野区域的限定条件和管理政策;到了21世纪初期,有关学者对“荒野”内涵的解读各有千秋,进一步阐释了“荒野”内涵的过去和未来,有益于荒野思想的发展并更好地服务于当代的环境生态建设。结语部分进一步揭示出人类对“荒野”认知程度的深化以及人类生态环境理念的革新。生态思想的变迁是社会文明的产物,同样社会文明的不断进步也会持续作用于人类思想观念的创新,就“荒野”内涵及其社会文化意蕴的考察不但有益于协调人与自然之间的关系,而且对我国的环境保护事业,资源管理政策和生态理念发展影响深远。
[Abstract]:As a sub branch of the new history of environmental history, the history of the wilderness is not only the definition of the "wilderness", but also the social and historical implications behind the transformation of the "wilderness" under the background of the times. The structure of the article is as follows: the first part of the article: the first part of the article. This paper first expounds the substantive factors that affect the transformation of the intension of "wilderness" by using the method of knowledge archaeology, and then combs the status of the research on the subject of "wilderness" at home and abroad and puts forward the writing intention of the article. The article expounds the transformation of the concept of "wilderness" by human beings from the vertical dimension. The first chapter mainly traces the meaning of the "wilderness" in the colonial period. The American continent at the beginning of the white arrival presented to European immigrants a desolate place, a synonym of mystery and evil, and an object to be conquered; in the same sense of the pioneers, the wilderness became a barrier to civilization; however, there were many In the early literary works on the wilderness, some literary writers also expressed their appreciation of the wilderness in addition to their understanding of the wilderness, and the appreciation of the wilderness by some literary writers. The second chapter discussed the evolution and influence factors of the "wilderness" in the mid and late nineteenth Century. Under the influence of the romantic tide, the wilderness is increasingly affected by different groups. Attention, people begin to realize that the wilderness has both aesthetic and spiritual values, which is a symbol of the United States that is different from other countries; in addition, Emerson and Thoreau permeate the philosophical concepts of nature to literary works, so it plays a key role in changing the American cognitive way of the wilderness; in the ten years after the American Civil War, the wilderness is in the wilderness. The concept has fully integrated into the strong national concept of national state, so the third chapter concentrates on the existence of the colonial ideology of respect for nature and culture. After the twentieth Century, the human beings began to reexamine civilization and progress because of the increasingly exposure of the malpractices of urbanization and industrialization. Under the guidance of the modern wilderness concept, the wilderness has been endowed with God. The connotation of holy sublime is the antidote to human civilization. In addition, the debate around the "wilderness" has been debated until the word "wilderness" is defined at the legal level, and the limits and management policies of the wilderness areas have been clarified. In the early twenty-first Century, the interpretation of the connotation of "wilderness" by the relevant scholars has varied, further explained. The past and future of the intension of the "wilderness" is beneficial to the development of the wilderness thought and better serve the ecological construction of the environment in the present. The concluding part further reveals the deepening of the human cognition of the "wilderness" and the innovation of the concept of human ecological environment. The change of the ecological thought is the product of the social civilization and the same social civilization. Continuous progress will also continue to play a role in the innovation of human thoughts and ideas. The investigation of the connotation of "wilderness" and its social and cultural implications not only helps to coordinate the relationship between people and nature, but also has a deep influence on the environmental protection, resource management policy and the development of ecological concept in China.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K097.12

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