环境史视野下的近代中国火柴制造业

发布时间：2018-05-31 12:39

本文选题：火柴制造 + 火柴梗　；参考：《晋阳学刊》2012年04期

【摘要】：火柴的发明始于19世纪上半叶的欧洲。19世纪70年代起,中国火柴制造业出现,至20世纪30年代达到高峰。大量外资和华资火柴厂共同致力于在中国境内生产并销售火柴。火柴的制造带来了生态环境问题和生产、生活环境安全问题。火柴梗的制造消耗大量木材,日本、沙俄帝国主义依仗侵略特权,掠夺式、破坏式的大肆砍伐中国森林资源,严重破坏中国东北地区的森林资源,东北地区的生态环境呈恶化趋势。早期生产的黄磷火柴存在着严重的磷毒问题,污染生产环境,损害工人身体健康。生产中产生的有毒、有害气体还影响了周围居民聚居区的生活环境。随着技术的进步,黄磷火柴被弃用,磷毒的问题得到解决。但硫化磷火柴的生产依然存在严重的火灾隐患等安全问题。中国火柴制造业的发展史表明,环境问题的解决依赖技术的进步,但没有民族的独立和解放,工业发展中的环境问题无法尽快、彻底解决。
[Abstract]:The invention of matches began in Europe in the first half of the 19th century. A large number of foreign and Chinese match factories work together to produce and sell matches in China. The manufacture of matches brings ecological environmental problems, production and living environment safety problems. The manufacture of matches stems consumes a great deal of wood. Japan and Russian imperialism, relying on the privileges of aggression, predatory and destructive deforestation of China's forest resources, have seriously damaged the forest resources of northeast China. The ecological environment in Northeast China is deteriorating. The yellow phosphorus matches produced in the early period have serious problem of phosphorus toxicity, which pollute the production environment and damage the health of workers. The toxic and harmful gases produced in production also affect the living environment in the surrounding residential areas. With the progress of technology, yellow phosphorus matches were abandoned and the problem of phosphorus toxicity was solved. However, the production of phosphorous sulfide matches still has serious fire hazards and other safety problems. The history of the development of Chinese match manufacturing industry shows that the solution of environmental problems depends on the progress of technology, but without the independence and liberation of the nation, the environmental problems in industrial development cannot be solved as soon as possible.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K092;F426.8

【共引文献】