刘知几对两汉史学述评之研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 12:37

本文选题：刘知几 + 《史通》　；参考：《河北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 《史通》是中国古代重要的史学著作,也是世界上第一部史学理论专著。两汉时期是中国古代史学发展的重要时期,史家的史学意识进一步增强,刘知几对唐以前史学进行了系统总结,尽管受到因事命篇的限制,但两汉时期是刘知几评述的重点,涉及到两汉时期史家、史书、史观等方面。本文从刘知几对两汉时期的史学点滴述评入手,在此基础上将他对两汉史学的述评总结归纳为史家素养、史书编撰、史家史观三个方面,尝试对《史通》的整体理论框架和构思及刘知几的史观、历史编撰方法、史学批评理论等问题和两汉时期史学在各个方面的发展情况进行探究。一、刘知几对两汉史家素养的述评关于史家素养的问题,是刘知几的史学系统总结的一个重要组成部分,也是其史学理论的精髓。首先,刘知几在《史通》中用“才、学、识”的“三长”理论对两汉史家素养进行了述评,对具有史才的两汉史家提出了赞扬,对不具有史才的两汉史家提出批评。其次,用直书曲笔理论对两汉史家素养进行了述评,刘知几认为应持“直书”态度来撰史,才能成为一个具有优秀史家素养的史家。刘知几对两汉史家素养的思考总结是比较全面的,体现出了他的真知卓识。但是,刘知几终究无法摆脱封建史家的局限,体现了其片面性。二、刘知几对两汉史书编撰的述评刘知几通观历代史书,在更加客观的基础上,对两汉时期史书的分类、史例、编撰等方面进行了较全面的论述。首先,从史书分类上对两汉时期史书进行述评,阐述了两汉纪传体史书、编年体史书、杂述三类史书。其次,从史书史例上对两汉史书进行述评,对两汉史书的体裁、体例进行了具体分析。再次,从史书编纂对两汉史书进行述评,对两汉史书的史料采撰、史事记述等问题进行了评论。刘知几对两汉时期史籍的总结论说,充分反映了他在史籍方面的独到见解,也体现了他超越前人的真知卓识。使我们对研究两汉时期史学和进一步发展刘知几的史学批评理论有了更深的了解。刘知几对两汉史书述评反映出他受封建社会拘泥的部分狭隘思想,却不能掩盖他进步、中肯的史学观念。三、刘知几对两汉史家史观的述评刘知几通过对两汉时期史观的述评与总结,从中总结出大量的可贵言论,首先,刘知几在天人观上是主张以人事为主的天人观,反对两汉史家将无根据的神奇传说和真实的史事混淆记载。其次,刘知几发展的进步的古今历史观,其中对司马迁等两汉史家的客观述评。再次,刘知几在正统问题上有严格的正统非正统的观念,受其影响他对两汉遵循正统的史家进行了褒扬,对有悖正统的史家提出了批评。最后,刘知几注重修史的经世作用,认为两汉史书记载不管是人物还是史事都要达到记功过,彰善恶的目的。刘知几这几个史观对两汉史家史观的述评是客观、详实的,从中我们也可认识到在刘知几思想中进步史学观念。虽然受儒家正统思想影响的刘知几在历史观的认识上有所局限,但是其总体述评大多还是客观公允的。
[Abstract]:"Shi Tong" is an important historical work in ancient China and the first monograph of historical theory in the world. The period of the Han Dynasty was an important period for the development of Chinese ancient history. The historian's historical consciousness was further strengthened. Liu Zhiji made a systematic summary of the history of the history of the Tang Dynasty. Although he was restricted by the life of the history of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zhiji commented on the period of the Han Dynasty. The key points relate to historians, historical books and historical perspectives in the Han Dynasty.
On the basis of Liu Zhiji's comment on the historiography of the Han Dynasty, this paper summarizes his comments on the history of the Han Dynasty on the basis of the three aspects of historian accomplishment, history book compilation and historian's historical view, trying to discuss the overall theoretical framework and conception of "Shi Tong >" and Liu Zhiji's historical view, history compilation method, historical criticism theory and other issues and Han Dynasty. The development of history is explored in all aspects.
First, Liu Zhiji's commentary on the accomplishment of the historians of the Han Dynasty
The question about the quality of the historian is an important part of Liu Zhiji's historical system summary and the essence of his historical theory. First, Liu Zhiji's "three long" theory of "talent, learning and knowledge" in "Shi Tong >" has been commented on the accomplishment of the historians of the Han Dynasty, and it has been praised by the historians of the two Han Dynasties, and two of the historians who have no history. The historian of Han put forward criticism. Secondly, he commented on the accomplishment of the historians of the Han Dynasty by using the theory of "straight book". Liu Zhiji thought that he should write history with the "straight book" attitude. In order to become a historian with excellent historian accomplishment, Liu Zhiji's reflection on the accomplishment of the historians of the two Han Dynasties is more comprehensive and embodies his true knowledge. But Liu Zhiji After all, we can not get rid of the limitations of feudal historians and show their one-sided nature.
Two, Liu Zhiji's comment on the compilation of historical books in Han Dynasty
On the basis of more objective history, Liu Zhiji discussed the classification, history and compilation of history books in the Han Dynasty on a more objective basis. First, from the classification of history books, the history books of the Han Dynasty were reviewed, the history books of the Han Dynasty, the chronicles of chronology, and the three types of history books were described. Secondly, the history of the history books was used in the history of the history books to the history of the Han Dynasty. The book carries on a review, makes a specific analysis of the genre and style of the history books of the Han Dynasty, reviews the historical books of the Han Dynasty from the compilation of the history books, and reviews the historical records of the two Han Dynasties and the historical records. The summary of Liu Zhiji's historical records in the Han Dynasty fully reflects his unique views on historical records and embodies him. Transcending the true knowledge of the predecessors, we have a deeper understanding of the history of the study of the Han Dynasty and the further development of Liu Zhiji's theory of historical criticism. Liu Zhiji's comments on the historical books of the Han Dynasty reflect the narrow thought that he was restrained by the feudal society, but could not hide his progress and the pertinent historical concept.
Three, a review of Liu Zhiji's views on historians and historians of the Han Dynasty
By reviewing and summarizing the historical views of the Han Dynasty, Liu Zhiji summed up a large number of valuable comments. First of all, Liu Zhiji was a view of heaven and man, which advocated human resources, and opposed the obfuscation of the unfounded myths and the true history of the two Han historians. Secondly, the advanced historical view of Liu Zhiji's development was the view of the modern and modern history. Again, Liu Zhiji has an objective review of the historians of the Han Dynasty. Again, there are strict orthodox and unorthodox ideas on orthodoxy, and influenced by his influence on the orthodox historians of the two Han Dynasties and criticizing the orthodox historians. Finally, Liu Zhiji pays attention to the historical role of history, and holds that the historical records of the two Han Dynasties are the characters or the characters. All historical events should achieve the purpose of writing and commending good and evil. Liu Zhiji's historical views on the historical views of the two Han Dynasties are objective and detailed, and from which we can also recognize the idea of progressive historiography in Liu Zhiji's thought. Although Liu Zhiji, influenced by Confucian orthodoxy, has some limitations in the view of history, most of the general commentary It is still objective and fair.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K092

【参考文献】