论中国历史分期研究的两次转型

发布时间：2018-09-03 07:34

【摘要】：分期是历史研究的重要内容,也是在总体上理解和把握历史的关键。在过去的一百多年里,中国史学界在中国历史分期的研究上经历了两次转型。第一次发生在19世纪末至20世纪初,由传统朝代史编纂模式转向线性进步分段论,近代西方的历史三分理论逐渐为中国学术界所接受。其中,日本史学界关于中国历史分期的理论和实践对转型起了至关重要的作用。以西方的分期理论为基础,以民族国家的发展为主要线索,出现了不同的分期理论和实践,也有批判性的反思。第二次转型发端于20世纪20-30年代的社会史大论战,到50年代末正式完成。在这次向马克思主义史观转变的过程中,以社会经济形态为分期依据的社会发展阶段论最终确立,其中苏联化的马克思主义理论起到了至关重要的作用。随着五种生产方式分期体系的确立,研究的重点也由分期理论选择之争转向马克思主义内部如何分期的讨论。历史分期的转型切合了近现代中国发展的需要,具有一定的必然性,对中国发展道路的选择和学科建设都产生了重要影响,提供了一些值得认真反思的经验。
[Abstract]:Staging is an important content of historical research, and also the key to understand and grasp history in general. Over the past 100 years, Chinese historiography has undergone two transformations in the study of Chinese historical stages. The first occurred from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, changing from the traditional model of compiling history of the dynasty to the theory of linear progressive segmentation, and the theory of historical three-point in modern western countries was gradually accepted by the Chinese academic circles. Among them, the theory and practice of Chinese historical staging in Japanese historiography plays an important role in the transformation. On the basis of western theory of staging and the development of nation-state, different theories and practices of staging have appeared, and there has also been critical reflection. The second transition began in the 20 s-30 s social history debate, by the end of the 50 s. In the course of this transition to Marxist historical view, the stage theory of social development based on the social economic form was finally established, in which the Soviet Marxist theory played a vital role. With the establishment of the five production modes, the focus of the study has shifted from the debate on the selection of the theory of staging to the discussion of how to divide it within Marxism. The transformation of historical stages meets the needs of modern China's development and has certain inevitability, which has had an important impact on the choice of development path and discipline construction in China, and has provided some experiences worthy of serious reflection.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学历史学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“早期基督教史学研究”(13JJD770004)
【分类号】：K092

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