章开沅与中国早期现代化研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 07:47

【摘要】：改革开放后的思想启蒙催生大陆现代化问题的研究。章开沅及其领导的学术团队,借鉴西方现代化理论,比对域外现代化进程,全面梳理中国1840-1949年的历史。从学术发展的内在理路而言,章开沅并非盲目采借现代化范式,其学术训练及问题域与现代化理论有相通之处。对中国早期现代化研究,不过是其原有研究的延伸与深化。章开沅强调源自西方的现代化理论只是一种分析工具,而它本身尚需要具体的、历史的检验与修正。为此,他反对狭隘的"经济决定论",在全面理解历史唯物主义的基础上,提出"历史社会土壤学",以此阐明中国早期现代化的独特性。在章开沅的主导下,其团队的研究成果均围绕"过渡形态"、"社会集团"、"区域"、离异—回归"等4个范畴展开,以此描摹早期现代化中一系列的"转型"特质;全面勾勒近代官、绅、商、学各自群体之间的互动关系;呈现不断变化的、特定时空的内在关联性,及其历史人物社会角色的多元背景;归纳出传统与现代的互动关系的一般性通则。章开沅利用历史唯物主义的原则在历史现象中"过滤"出上述范畴,是对唯物史观的再阐释与发展,提供了科学运用哲学范畴的新范本,续写史学发展的新谱系。
[Abstract]:The ideological enlightenment after the reform and opening up spawned the study of the modernization of the mainland. Zhang Kaiyuan and his academic team draw lessons from western modernization theory, compare the process of foreign modernization, and comb the history of China from 1840 to 1949. From the perspective of the internal theory of academic development, Zhang Kaiyuan does not blindly adopt the paradigm of borrowing modernization, and his academic training and problem areas have something in common with the modernization theory. The study of China's early modernization is only an extension and deepening of its original research. Zhang Kaiyuan stressed that the modernization theory originated from the West is only an analytical tool, and it still needs concrete historical examination and revision. Therefore, he opposed the narrow "economic determinism" and put forward the "historical and social soil science" on the basis of comprehensive understanding of historical materialism, so as to clarify the uniqueness of China's early modernization. Under the leadership of Zhang Kaiyuan, the research results of his team all revolved around four categories: "transition form", "social group", "area", "divorce and return", which described a series of characteristics of "transition" in early modernization, and comprehensively outlined modern officials. The interaction between the gentry, the business and the study group; the internal relation of the changing special time and space, and the diverse background of the social roles of historical figures; and the general principles of the interaction between tradition and modern. Zhang Kaiyuan made use of the principle of historical materialism to "filter" out the above-mentioned category in the historical phenomenon, which is the reinterpretation and development of historical materialism, and provides a new model for the scientific application of philosophy and a new pedigree for the development of historiography.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学中国近代史研究所;
【分类号】：K092

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