苏轼史论研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 15:19

【摘要】：宋代是中国古代史论发展的繁荣时期。苏轼作为宋代一大文豪,其史论独具特色,成为了当时文人争相效仿的对象,对北宋史论的发展起到了巨大的推动作用。本文以中华书局点校本《苏轼文集》所收录的苏轼史论文为中心,结合学界相关的研究成果,对苏轼史论的内容及其相关问题进行了多方面的探讨。苏轼的史论文数量较多,大体可分为两大类:一类与现在所说的“历史评论”大致相同,包括苏轼探讨历代盛衰兴亡之由的史事评论,以个人品行和谋略智术为评判标准的人物史论以及针对“正统”和“礼”的思想所作的史学评论,反映了苏轼的历史思想、史学思想及价值观等。另一类即所谓的“史论即政论”,包含了苏轼对历代统治者在君臣关系、安民之法、财政制度以及军事制度这几方面得失的探讨。并且在这个过程中,苏轼还运用“以史论政”的方式,将历代得失类比到当时的政局当中,集中反映了苏轼的政治思想和诉求。苏轼史论中包含着他对历史的认知和思考,也是其史学思想的重要表现形式。苏轼的史学思想体现在历史变易观、“见盛观衰”思想、“重人事”思想以及“史鉴”思想等方面。苏轼之所以能够对历史和史学有独到的见解,与其“原始察终”、“历史比较”以及“知人论世”的史学方法论有着密切联系。而其史论中所体现的擅用修辞的论史文风、好发奇论的论史视角、名实并重的论史原则以及以“道德”为核心的史论评价标准等鲜明特点,更是奠定了苏轼史论在整个中国古代史论体系中的独特地位,其史论对当时和后世都产生了十分深远的影响。从史学角度研究苏轼的史论,一方面可以加深对苏轼及其史论作品的理解,另一方面也可以有补于中国古代史学史的研究。
[Abstract]:The Song Dynasty was a prosperous period for the development of Chinese ancient history theory. Su Shi, as a great literary magnate in the Song Dynasty, had his unique historical theory and became the object of emulation by scholars at that time, and played a great role in promoting the development of the Northern Song Dynasty history theory. This paper focuses on the history papers of Su Shi collected by Zhonghua Book Co., Ltd., and combined with the relevant research results in academic circles, discusses the contents and related problems of Su Shi's history theory in many aspects. Su Shi has a large number of history papers, which can be divided into two categories: one is roughly the same as the "historical commentary", including Su Shi's historical review, which discusses the reasons for the rise and fall of the past dynasties. The historical theory of characters based on personal conduct and strategy and wisdom, and the historical comments on the thought of "orthodoxy" and "propriety" reflect Su Shi's historical thought, historiography thought and values, and so on. The other is the so-called "historical theory that is political theory", which includes Su Shi's discussion on the gains and losses of the rulers of the past dynasties in such aspects as the relationship between the monarch and the subject, the law of peace and the people, the financial system and the military system. In this process, Su Shi also used the way of "discussing politics with history" to compare the gains and losses of the past dynasties to the political situation at that time, which reflected Su Shi's political thoughts and demands. Su Shi's historical theory contains his cognition and reflection on history, and it is also an important manifestation of his historiography thought. Su Shi's thought of historiography is embodied in the view of historical change, the thought of "seeing the decline of the view of prosperity", the thought of "attaching importance to personnel" and the thought of "historical review" and so on. Su Shi's unique views on history and historiography are closely related to his historical methodology of "primitive observation of the end", "Historical comparison" and "knowing people and the World". The historical style of rhetoric, the angle of view of historical theory, the principle of both name and reality, and the evaluation standard of historical theory with "morality" as the core, are embodied in his historical theory, such as the style of historical writing which is good at rhetoric, the angle of view of the theory of history as well as the angle of view of history. It also established the unique position of Su Shi's historical theory in the whole Chinese ancient history theory system, and its historical theory had a very profound influence on the time and later generations. To study Su Shi's historical theory from the perspective of historiography, on the one hand, can deepen the understanding of Su Shi and his works of historical theory, on the other hand, it can complement the study of the history of ancient Chinese historiography.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K092

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