孔学、史学与历史形上学

发布时间：2018-11-25 09:05

【摘要】：孔子重史的思想性格,对传统史学的形成,或者说中国史学的儒家化,关系深远。《春秋》与《论语》是理解这种关系的基本文献。撇开《左传》不论,《春秋》经的编年体裁,及寓褒贬于其中的修辞方式,构成史学的基本坯胎。而《论语》对三代事迹与礼制的评点,则赋予历史以灵魂,直接塑造了《史》《汉》的精神基调。然而,理解传统史学的成就与特质,不能停留在具体经验层面的论述上,还要揭示它背后的形上学观念。其中,时与名是两个重要的观念。时与时序、世代相联结,奠定了有统绪的知识模式;而名则让观念从经验中超越出来,形成一种既存在历史之中,又超越历史之上的价值体系。时使历史成为知识,名则赋与历史以道德。具体的历史评判或会调节,但历史的大事业不会动摇。
[Abstract]:Confucius' ideological character of emphasizing history has a profound relationship with the formation of traditional historiography or the Confucianization of Chinese historiography. The Spring and Autumn period and the Analects of Analects are the basic documents to understand this relationship. Regardless of Zuo Zhuan, the chronicling style of the Spring and Autumn Chronicles, and the rhetorical devices in it, constitute the basic body of historiography. The Analects of Confucius comments on the deeds of the three generations and the ritual system, which gives history the soul and directly shapes the spirit tone of "History" and "Han". However, to understand the achievements and characteristics of traditional historiography, we should not only discuss the concrete experience, but also reveal the metaphysics behind it. Among them, time and name are two important concepts. Time is connected with time sequence and generations, which establishes the knowledge mode of unifying thread, and name makes the idea transcend from experience, and form a kind of value system which exists in history and transcends history at the same time. The time makes history become knowledge, and the name is given to history with morality. Concrete historical judgment may be adjusted, but the great cause of history will not waver.
【作者单位】：中山大学哲学系;
【分类号】：K0;B222

【共引文献】