联合国第二代维和行动：冲突管理的困境与出路

发布时间：2018-01-10 17:29

本文关键词：联合国第二代维和行动：冲突管理的困境与出路　出处：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：联合国维和行动历经几十年,依旧是保障国际和平与安全最有力的国际机制。联合国维和行动从第一代发展至今天的第二代,职能范围空前扩大。从维持和平转向形成包括预防性外交、强制执行和平、维持和平、建设和平一系列措施的维和行动网络。但是,联合国维和行动却是旧问题没有得到解决,新的问题又凸显。由于长期缺乏制度支撑而带来的行动随意性,加上冷战结束初期维和行动中表现出来的维和人员安全问题与“非武力原则”的矛盾,给维和行动形成了对使用武力的依赖。这一方面让联合国维和行动的中立性饱受争议,另一方面增加维和行动的成本。维和行动的举步维艰使其不得不在一些方面依靠大国的实力,但是大国势力影响了维和行动有效发挥,抹杀了地区民众对国际社会的期望。国内冲突的持续发酵最终带来外溢性的地区性冲突,造成维和行动无法撤出,地区冲突没有解决的尴尬困境。联合国《卜拉希米报告》,向非武力原则、中立原则提出了挑战。这是联合国主动适应新形势进行改革的信号。维和行动部和外勤支助部负责联合国日常维和行动的展开。建设和平委员会及下属的国别组合提供经验推广。可以说,现在的维和行动已经开始逐渐摆脱以往的随意性质,在实践中找寻可能的解决方案。另外,联合国的合作伙伴队伍也逐渐扩大,涉及到法律、技术援助、经济等多个层面。合作伙伴对维和行动的支援作用正在弥补联合国的缺陷。同时,合作伙伴的支持本身就是对联合国维和行动的一种肯定。所谓无规矩不成方圆,国际法和国际组织的支持依然还是维和行动合法性的制度保障。另外,本文尝试从道德与利益的关系对维和行动的行动方向进行一个摸索,以低位运行的道德原则给维和行动标准提供参考。冲突地区国家同时也应该重新审视主权的概念,以“保护的责任”原则角度分析国家如何自发性的对冲突矛盾进行缓解,而这一原则同样可以作为联合国维和进程的工作安排。另外,作为联合国合作伙伴中较为重要的大国,大国间关系改善对地区冲突化解有着潜移默化作用。在联合国维和行动机制中,大国的一致性也能有效加强行动力。共生型的大国关系可以推而广之,形成联合国合作伙伴的共识,为维和行动提供良好外部支撑。
[Abstract]:United Nations peacekeeping operations, after decades, remain the most powerful international mechanism for ensuring international peace and security. United Nations peacekeeping operations have evolved from the first generation to the second generation today. The scope of functions has never been expanded. The shift from peacekeeping to a network of peacekeeping operations that includes preventive diplomacy, enforcement of peace, peacekeeping, and a range of peacebuilding measures... however. However, the old problems of UN peacekeeping operations have not been solved, and the new problems have been highlighted. Because of the lack of institutional support for a long time, the action is arbitrary. In addition, the conflict between the security of peacekeepers and the "principle of non-force" in peacekeeping operations at the end of the cold war. The reliance on the use of force for peacekeeping operations has made the neutrality of United Nations peacekeeping operations controversial. On the other hand, it increases the cost of peacekeeping operations. The difficulty of peacekeeping operations makes them have to rely on the strength of big countries in some aspects, but the influence of great powers has affected the effective performance of peacekeeping operations. The continued ferment of internal conflicts eventually led to spillover regional conflicts, resulting in the inability to withdraw peacekeeping operations. The regional conflict has not resolved the awkward dilemma. Un Brahimi report, to the principle of non-force. The principle of neutrality presents a challenge. It is a signal that the United Nations is taking the initiative to adapt to the new situation for reform. The Department of peacekeeping Operations and the Department of Field support are responsible for the conduct of United Nations peacekeeping operations on a day-to-day basis. The Peacebuilding Commission and its country teams. Together to provide experience promotion. Can be said. Today's peacekeeping operations have begun to move away from the haphazard nature of the past and to find possible solutions in practice. In addition, the United Nations partners have expanded to include legal and technical assistance. At the same time, the supporting role of partners in peacekeeping operations is making up for the shortcomings of the United Nations. The support of partners was in itself an affirmation of United Nations peacekeeping operations. The so-called irregularities and the support of international law and organizations remained institutional safeguards for the legitimacy of peacekeeping operations. This paper attempts to explore the direction of peacekeeping operations from the relationship between ethics and interests. The ethical principle of low operating standards should serve as a reference for peacekeeping standards. Countries in conflict areas should at the same time re-examine the concept of sovereignty. The "responsibility to protect" principle is used to analyse how States can spontaneously mitigate conflicts, and this principle can also be used as a working arrangement for the United Nations peacekeeping process. As one of the most important big countries among the United Nations partners, the improvement of relations among the major powers has a subtle effect on the resolution of regional conflicts. A symbiotic power relationship can be extended to form the consensus of United Nations partners and provide good external support for peacekeeping operations.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D813.2

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