统一之后的德国外交政策分析

发布时间：2018-02-16 02:24

本文关键词： 低调务实外交政策德国统一　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：德国是在整个欧洲乃至世界具有巨大影响力的国家,它曾是两次世界大战的主要发起者,它的侵略型政策对世界许多国家造成了不同程度的伤害,二战结束之后,战胜国对整个德国以及它的首都进行了分区占领,以避免德国的从新崛起;冷战时期,德国分裂为两个家,分别为依附于美国的联邦德国和依附于苏联的民主德国,这个时期的德国分别成为一定程度上的主权独立国家,联邦德国在依附美国的基础上开始实施独立的外交政策;随着东欧剧变和苏联的解体,冷战随之结束,两个德国再次实现了统一,统一后德国的外交政策与第二次世界大战之前相比发生了较大的变化,它不再采取以军事力量为基础的对外侵略政策,而是以联邦德国的外交政策为基础,对合并后新德国的外交政策进行了较大的调整。统一之后的三任德国总理审时度势,认清现实,根据当时德国具体的国内局势和国外环境,认识历史的经验与教训,调整外交政策和具体的外交实践活动,经过三任德国总理的和德国政府的努力,在短短20年间,德国重新进入了世界经济大国和世界政治大国的行列。外交政策是一个国家政策的重要组成部分,它代表着一个国家在某一时期的总体战略方向。二战之前的德国,无论是铁血宰相俾斯麦时期、德国皇帝威廉二世时期还是希特勒时期的纳粹德国,德国都是极为崇尚武力的国家,军事的优势和对外侵略扩张的手段在一定时期内帮助德国成为整个欧洲乃至世界的霸主,但利用武力迎来的霸主地位不仅不能维持较长的时间,反而会激发更大的矛盾,德国与法国之间频繁的战争以及"一战"和"二战"的爆发都与之有关。冷战结束之后,统一的德国在短短的二十几年时间里出人意料的利用和平的方式从新走向了崛起,德国利用和平的外交政策而不是武力实现了它几个世纪以来的梦想,这样的方式和结果引起了国内外众多专家学者的关注,统一之后的德国外交政策也成为了国际关系界的研究热点。文章以"低调"和"务实"为主线,加入了比较丰富的数据支持和理论支持。通过研究,分析说明德国统一之后外交政策的内容和特点以及成因等相关问题,同时分析德国利用低姿态和务实外交取得成功的经验,为当今时代各个国家和地区之间的问题如:中日关系的处理、东北亚朝核问题的妥善解决以及中国大陆和台湾的关系处理提供一个经典的范例!
[Abstract]:Germany is a country with great influence throughout Europe and the world. It was the main initiator of the two world wars. Its aggressive policies caused varying degrees of harm to many countries in the world, and after the end of World War II, The victorious nations occupied the whole of Germany and its capital in order to avoid the new rise of Germany. During the cold war, Germany was divided into two families, the Federal Germany, which is dependent on the United States, and the Democratic Germany, which is dependent on the Soviet Union. During this period, Germany became a sovereign independent state to a certain extent, and the Federal Republic of Germany began to implement an independent foreign policy on the basis of its dependence on the United States. With the dramatic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Cold War ended. After reunification, Germany's foreign policy changed greatly compared with that before the second World War, and it no longer adopted a policy of foreign aggression based on military force. On the basis of the foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany, the foreign policy of the new Germany after the merger has been greatly readjusted. The three German Chancellor after reunification judged the situation and recognized the reality, according to the specific domestic situation and the foreign environment of Germany at that time. To understand the experience and lessons of history, to adjust foreign policy and specific diplomatic practice, after the efforts of the three German Chancellor and the German Government, in a short span of 20 years, Germany has re-entered the ranks of world economic powers and world political powers. Foreign policy is an important part of a national policy. It represents the overall strategic direction of a country in a certain period. Whether it was the iron blood prime minister Bismarck, the German emperor William II, or the Nazi Germany of Hitler's time, Germany was a country that worshipped the use of force. Military superiority and the means of foreign aggression and expansion helped Germany become the hegemonic power of the whole of Europe and even the world within a certain period of time. However, the hegemonic position ushered in by the use of force could not only be maintained for a longer period of time, but on the contrary would provoke even greater contradictions. The frequent wars between Germany and France, as well as the outbreak of "World War I" and "World War II", were all related. After the end of the Cold War, a unified Germany, in a short period of more than 20 years, unexpectedly took advantage of peaceful means to re-emerge from power. Germany's use of peaceful foreign policy rather than force to realize its dream for centuries has attracted the attention of many experts and scholars at home and abroad. After reunification, Germany's foreign policy has also become a research hotspot in the international relations community. The article takes "low profile" and "pragmatism" as the main line, and adds abundant data and theoretical support. Analyzing and explaining the contents, characteristics and causes of Germany's foreign policy after reunification, and analyzing Germany's successful experience in using low-profile and pragmatic diplomacy. Provides a classic example for the handling of Sino-Japanese relations, the proper resolution of the North Korean nuclear issue in Northeast Asia and the handling of relations between mainland China and Taiwan.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D851.6

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