朝贡的名实与朝贡之外的东亚——分类框架、案例举隅与研究建议

发布时间：2018-02-26 01:21

本文关键词： 朝贡古代东亚等级辽宋平等关系　出处：《国际政治科学》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：史学界提出的朝贡体系论近年间受到国际关系学者的质疑与批判,争论的焦点在于朝贡之"名"与"实"的差距,但超越朝贡体系论尚有许多基础工作亟待完成。为回答"朝贡关系的本质为何,其特征与机制是什么;古代东亚是否存在其他国际关系类型,它们的本质、特征与机制又是什么"等问题,本文以"等级"作为朝贡关系的核心原则,同时涵盖"名"与"实",在政治、军事、经济等方面厘清朝贡关系的物质与观念特征,将其划为由各方面名实切合情况区分的不同形态;继而寻找朝贡之外~((1))的可能,通过分类法提出古代东亚五种关系类型的检验框架。借由将辽宋时期的东亚国际互动对照朝贡关系名实指标与五种关系类型,本文发现:随着权力转移,澶渊之盟后,体系两强间形成迥异于朝贡的平等关系,东亚体系整体呈现两极平等、双元朝贡的面貌。本研究的现实意义在于,基于对旧时代行为模式的案例研究,判断哪些过去的概念与事实在何种条件满足时,会在当代与未来局部再现。其理论意义则在于,以文献梳理、概念界定和案例检验明确朝贡关系的内容、边界与分析价值,并发现若干其他关系类型,为解构与超越朝贡体系论提供一个可用架构,在未来建立更普遍解释框架的工程中发挥一定的基础作用。
[Abstract]:The theory of tributary system put forward by historians has been questioned and criticized by scholars of international relations in recent years. The focus of the controversy lies in the gap between "name" and "reality" of tributary. However, there are still a lot of basic work to be done to transcend the theory of tributary system. In order to answer, "what are the nature of the tributary relationship, what are its characteristics and mechanisms, whether there were other types of international relations in ancient East Asia, and their essence?" This paper regards "hierarchy" as the core principle of tributary relations, covers "name" and "reality", and clarifies the material and conceptual characteristics of tributary relations in political, military, economic and other aspects. To classify it as a different form distinguished by its various facts and circumstances; and then to look for possibilities beyond the tributary service. This paper puts forward the test frame of five kinds of relationship types in ancient East Asia through classification. By comparing the international interaction of East Asia in Liao and Song dynasties with the five kinds of relation types, this paper finds that: with the transfer of power, the alliance of Chanyuan, The relationship between the two great powers of the system is quite different from the equal relationship between the tributes. The East Asian system as a whole presents a bipolar equality and a dualistic tribute. The practical significance of this study lies in the case study of the behavior patterns of the old era. When determining which concepts and facts of the past are satisfied in what conditions, they will be partially reproduced in the present and future. Its theoretical significance lies in clarifying the content, boundary and analytical value of the tributary relationship with literature review, conceptual definition and case study. Several other relation types are found to provide a useful framework for deconstructing and transcending the tributary system theory and to play a fundamental role in the construction of a more general interpretation framework in the future.
【作者单位】：台湾大学政治系;
【分类号】：D831

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