当代中国外交理念发展研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 09:19

  本文关键词： 当代中国 外交 理念 发展 国际体系　出处：《兰州大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：外交理念既是外交实践的产物,也是外交实践的指导。外交理念充分体现着一国与他国、一国与世界的外交关系。这种体现反映着主权国家对于国家利益、权力、地位等诸多关系方面的认识与定位,包含着主权国家对其外交动力、外交目的、外交手段等诸多根本问题的深刻思考,同时深刻表征着主权国家的核心价值观和历史文化传统。外交理念规定了指导国家外交工作的价值原则,影响乃至决定着国家的外交战略及其政策选择,对外交谋划和外交实践起着极其重要的影响作用。对于我国而言也是如此。以毛泽东、邓小平等为代表的中国共产党领导人坚持以马克思主义为指导,吸取传统文化的精华,结合我国社会主义现代化建设的实际需要,在新中国成立60多年的外交实践中积累、形成并发展了一系列外交理念,包括"独立自主"、"和平共处"、"和平发展"、"和而不同"、"和谐世界"、"互利共赢"和"命运共同体"等,指导着中国外交在捍卫国家利益,伸张国家正义,转变外交模式和提高外交能力等方面形成了鲜明的中国特色。从外交理念的视角对中国外交进行系统梳理和研究的文本并不太多,而对于当代中国外交理念发展的研究有助于我们更好地总结新中国外交的历史发展脉络,帮助我们在复杂的国际背景下更好地面向中国外交的未来。基于此,本文运用文本解读法、历史分析法和层次分析法等研究当代中国外交理念的发展。外交理念反映着一国在利益关系方面的价值取向,体现了该国的世界观、认识论和方法论,而具体的外交理念则主要包括对于世界的认识、对于自身的定位以及对于如何处理与其他国家关系方面的诸多思考。当代中国外交理念发展的理论依据包括:一、对时代主题的判断。即从新中国成立初期的"战争与革命"的时代主题判断转变为改革开放以来"和平与发展"时代主题的过程;二是对世界格局的判断。中国领导人经历了从"两大阵营"、"三个世界"、"多极化"直到"和谐世界"的转变过程。三是自我认知的判断。从毛泽东时代强调"社会主义"到改革开放以来的"社会主义初级阶段",中国领导人认为应该充分运用资本主义国家在人类社会发展的这一特定阶段所取得的各种文明成果,实现为社会主义建设服务的目的。外交理念关注一国如何处理好下列几个方面关系的重要性:一是为人类社会做贡献与实现和维护本国国家利益的关系。中国主张将自身的发展同世界的发展联系在一起,各国应该根据事情本身的是非曲直来决定自己的立场和制定政策。二是大国与发展中国家的关系问题。提出"大国是关键,周边是首要,发展中国家是基础"的中国外交新布局。三是国家外交和党际交往关系。提出了"独立自主、完全平等、互相尊重、互不干涉内部事务"的加强党际联系和交往的原则。四是原则的坚定性与策略的灵活性之间的关系。提出应该坚持原则的坚定性和策略的灵活性,在实现和维护国家利益的同时,实现各国之间的互利合作。新中国成立以来中国外交形成和发展了一系列外交理念,特别是以习近平为总书记的新一代中国领导集体在党的十八大以来,站在时代发展的高度,提出了一系列对外工作的新理念,包括建立"不冲突、不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢"的新型大国关系理念,"亲、诚、惠、容"的周边外交理念,打造"丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路"等理念,使中国外交具有了崭新的形象。当代中国外交理念形成的的思想渊源主要包括马克思主义国际关系思想和中国传统文化因素两个方面。在外交理念变化发展的原因问题上,本文利用层次分析法,从国际、国内两个方面来综合加以分析。当代中国外交理念发展在国际方面的原因是国际战略格局的变化和中国与国际社会关系的变化。而国内方面的原因则包括中国对国家利益的考量和对中国对外开放的实践进程。外交实践与外交理念之间相辅相成。在未来的历史进程中,中国外交必将发挥更加重要和更富有成效的作用,如国际多极格局与国际体系的构建和巩固、战略思维的引领和大国责任的担当等。中国将提出何种对外政策,如何处理与外部世界的关系,以及提出何种世界观、时代观、利益观等将会考验未来的中国外交,检验中国外交的勇气和创造力。外交理念不仅能够解释某个特定阶段中国实行具体外交政策的原因,而且据此可以对未来中国外交的发展予以研判,因为外交理念是融合了某种价值判断的产物。
[Abstract]:The product concept of practice is diplomatic, and diplomatic practice guidance. Diplomatic concept fully reflects a country with his country, a country with the world's diplomatic relations. This reflects the embodiment of sovereignty for the national interest, power, understanding and positioning status and so on many aspects, including the purpose of sovereignty on its foreign diplomacy dynamic, profound thinking, many fundamental problems such as diplomacy, core value and profoundly characterizes the sovereignty concept and historical and cultural traditions. The diplomatic philosophy stipulates the value principle of national diplomacy, influence and even determines the choice of diplomatic strategy and policies of the state, it plays a very important role in diplomacy and diplomatic planning practice. The same is true for China. With Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping as the representative of the leaders of the Communist Party of China adhere to the Marx doctrine as a guide, absorb traditional culture The essence, combined with the actual needs of the socialist modernization of our country, the accumulation of foreign practice to set up more than 60 years in the new China in the formation and development of a series of diplomatic ideas, including the "independent", "peaceful coexistence", "peace and development", "harmony but not Sameness", "harmonious world", and "win-win" "community of destiny", guiding Chinese diplomacy in safeguarding national interests, uphold national justice, change diplomatic mode and improve diplomatic abilities in stark China characteristics. Not too much text systematically to Chinese and research from the perspective of international diplomacy, and for the study of the development of contemporary China diplomacy help us to better summarize the historical development of new China diplomacy, to help us in the international under the complicated background of foreign Chinese better cater to the future. Based on this, this paper uses text interpretation method, historical analysis The analysis method and the level of development of contemporary law research Chinese diplomatic concept. Diplomatic concept reflects the value orientation in the interests of the country, the country embodies the world outlook, epistemology and methodology, and specific diplomatic ideas mainly include the understanding of the world and for many of their own thinking on how to locate and dealing with other countries relations. A theoretical basis for the development of the modern diplomatic ideas Chinese include: first, on the theme of the times from the new Chinese judgment. At the beginning of the establishment of the "war and revolution" the theme of the times judgment into since the reform and opening up "peace and development" theme of the times; two is to determine the pattern of the world Chinese. Leaders from the experience of "two camps", "Three Worlds", "the transformation process of multi polarization" until the "harmonious world". The three is self cognitive judgment. From the age of Mao Zedong stressed that "socialism" to change The reform and opening of the primary stage of socialism, Chinese leaders should make full use of the capitalist countries made in this particular stage of development of human society and the various cultural achievements, realizing serve socialist construction. The diplomatic idea of concern as a nation where to deal with the relationship between the following aspects: one is the importance of the relationship and contribute to the the human society and realize and safeguard the country's interests. China advocated their own development together with the development of world, countries should be based on its own the right and wrong to determine its position and policy. The two problem is the relation between big countries and developing countries. The "power is the key, surrounding the primary, is the base of developing countries" the new layout of China diplomacy. Three is the relationship between the national diplomacy and inter party exchanges. Put forward the "independent, complete equality, mutual respect, mutual To strengthen inter party relation and communication principle of interference in internal affairs ". The four is the relationship between the firmness and flexibility of tactics of principle. This strategy should adhere to the principle of firmness and flexibility in the implementation and maintenance of national interests, at the same time, to achieve mutually beneficial cooperation between countries. Since the establishment of diplomatic Chinese formation and Chinese the development of a series of diplomatic ideas, especially the general secretary of the new generation of the collective leadership of the party Chinese since eighteen by Xi Jinping, standing in the height of the development of times, put forward a series of new ideas of foreign work, including the establishment of" do not conflict, not confrontation, mutual respect, cooperation and win-win "of the new country the relationship between philosophy," pro, honesty, benefits, "the diplomacy surrounding the concept of building" Silk Road "in twenty-first Century and" maritime Silk Road "economic philosophy, the Chinese diplomacy has a new concept of Contemporary foreign Chinese shape image. A thought origin mainly includes Marx's Thought on international relations and China traditional cultural factors in two aspects. The cause of the problem in the development of diplomatic philosophy, this paper using the AHP method, from two aspects of domestic and international, to comprehensive analysis. The causes of the contemporary development in the aspect of international diplomacy Chinese is the change of international strategy the pattern and Chinese relations with the international community. While the domestic reasons include China of national interest considerations and to open Chinese practice process. Interaction between diplomatic practice and diplomatic philosophy. In the historical process in the future, China diplomacy will play a more important and more productive roles, such as the construction and consolidation international multipolar and international system, strategic thinking and leading the country to assume responsibility. Chinese will propose what kind of foreign policy, how to deal with The relationship between the outside world, and what made the world view, view of the times, the concept of interests will test the future China diplomacy, diplomatic China test of courage and creativity. Diplomatic philosophy can not only explain the reasons for a particular stage of Chinese implementation of specific foreign policy, and this can be judged according to the future development of the Chinese diplomacy, because diplomacy the idea is the combination of a certain value judgment of the product.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D820
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本文编号：1537411