俄罗斯与北约关系的演变及问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 03:11

本文关键词： 俄北关系北约东扩地缘政治非传统安全　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：北大西洋公约组织成立于1949年，是二战结束后美国联合西欧大国共同建立的国际军事组织。苏联及东欧社会主义国家为对抗北约于1955年建立华约组织，自此形成两大国际军事组织的冷战敌对态势。1991年华约解散，冷战结束，北约在新的国际形势下继续谋求发展。美国通过扩大北约的政治职能及实施东扩计划等战略手段，继续控制欧洲和主导世界，维护其全球霸权地位。北约东扩严重损害了俄罗斯的国家安全利益，随着北约地理范围和政治职能的扩大以及参与国际事务程度的加深，俄北关系的发展变化已不再是地区性问题。本文对俄北关系发展历程进行详细梳理，以过去二十年俄罗斯与北约关系的历史事件为依据，深刻分析了俄北关系的动因和特点；通过对比俄罗斯三届领导人对北约政策的演变，对俄北关系的未来发展做出理性判断；最后全面总结俄北关系产生的影响，为中国的发展和对外政策的制定提供借鉴。本文共分5章。第1章回顾叶利钦和普京两个时期的俄北关系。叶利钦执政之初俄北关系经历了一段蜜月时期，但双方在北约东扩问题上逐渐形成分歧和矛盾，在经历一段斗争时期后，于1997年签署“基本文件”，俄北关系进入适应阶段。科索沃战争的爆发使叶利钦执政末期的俄北关系迅速恶化。普京上台后确定执政目标并调整对外政策，改善同西方国家关系，积极与北约接触，建立北约—俄罗斯理事会。在“9·11”事件发生的契机下同北约展开广泛合作。在叶利钦和普京的治理下俄罗斯综合国力显著提升，但在这两个时期分别完成的两轮北约东扩计划使俄罗斯的地缘战略空间受到严重挤压。第2章总结了梅德韦杰夫时期俄北关系的发展变化。梅德韦杰夫上台后发生俄格冲突事件，俄北关系中断近一年时间。随着全球化进程加深，非传统安全问题地位上升促进了俄罗斯与北约的合作。在新时期“北约战略新概念”推出后，，俄罗斯与北约恢复接触。反导问题的进一步发展是梅德韦杰夫时期俄北关系的焦点问题，双方在反恐等非传统安全领域继续加强合作。本文在第3章中将俄北关系的动因总结为四点，分别是俄美关系的主导因素、北约因素、俄罗斯因素和外部环境因素。首先，北约转变职能及制定政策由美国主导，俄北关系的发展实质是以俄美关系变化为导向的。其次，北约政治职能扩大和北约东扩都是俄北关系变化的内在影响因素。第三，俄罗斯对外政策的制定以及与北约关系发展方向受国家实力和发展需要限制。第四，外部因素影响俄北关系的发展方向，其中最主要为恐怖主义和全球经济危机的影响。结合对俄北关系的历史回顾以及对双边关系发展动因的深刻分析，本文第4章对俄北关系的特点进行了归纳。首先，俄北关系最主要特点是结构性矛盾的存在，主要指严重的互信缺失导致的安全困境。其次，俄罗斯与北约实力的不平衡导致了双边关系的不对称性，北约一向处于主导地位而俄罗斯处于被动地位。第三，历史经验表明，俄北关系受制因素颇多，导致其具有不稳定性。最后，俄罗斯与北约先后建立的一些合作机制起到了稳固关系和扩大合作的作用，但双方根本矛盾并未得到有效解决，俄罗斯与北约的合作机制具有一定的象征性。本文在第5章对俄罗斯三届领导人对北约的政策进行对比分析，进而对俄北关系未来做出客观的预测。另外，对俄北关系的深远影响也作出理性的分析和总结，并得出关于我国对外政策制定和国家发展方向的启示。
[Abstract]:The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was founded in 1949, is an international military organization after World War II the United Western European countries jointly established. The Soviet Union and Eastern European socialist countries to fight against NATO in 1955 the establishment of the Warsaw Pact, and since the formation of the two major international military organization of the Cold War rivalry.1991 dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, the end of the cold war, NATO continues to seek development in the new international situation. The United States through the expansion of NATO's political functions and eastwardexpansion plans and other strategic means to control and dominate the world in Europe, to maintain its global hegemony. NATO's eastward expansion, serious damage to the national security interests of Russia, along with the expansion of NATO geographic scope and political functions and deepen participation in international affairs, the development of the Russian North relations change is no longer a regional problem. The development of the Russian North relations this paper combs, over the past twenty years, Russia The relationship between Sri Lanka and NATO historical events as the basis, a profound analysis of the causes and characteristics of the Russian North relations; by comparing Russia's three leaders on the evolution of NATO policy, make rational judgment on the future development of the Russian North relations; finally, a comprehensive summary of the impact of Russian North relations, to provide reference for the formulation of the China development and foreign policy.
This article is divided into 5 chapters.
The first chapter reviews the relations of Russia Yeltsin and Putin two times. Yeltsin at the beginning of the reign of the Russian North relations experienced a honeymoon period, but the two sides in the expansion of NATO has gradually formed the differences and contradictions, after a period of struggle, in 1997 signed the "basic documents", the Russian North relations into the adaptation stage. The relations of Russia and Kosovo war to the end of the Yeltsin administration deteriorated rapidly. After Putin came to power to determine the ruling target and adjust foreign policy, improve relations with western countries, actively contact with NATO, NATO - Russia Council. Extensive cooperation in "9 - 11" events in the governance of NATO. Opportunity below Yeltsin and Putin under Russia's overall national strength significantly improved, but were completed in the two periods of two rounds of NATO's eastward expansion plan that Russia's geopolitical strategy severely squeezed.
The second chapter summarizes the development and change of the Russian North relations during the period of Medvedev. Medvedev clashes came after Georgia, the Russian North relations interrupted for nearly a year. With the deepening of globalization, the status of non traditional security promoted the cooperation between Russia and NATO. In the new era of "NATO's new strategic concept after the launch, Russia and NATO restore contact. The further development of the ABM issue is the focus of the Russian North relations during the Medvedev period, the two sides continue to strengthen cooperation in the fight against terrorism and other non-traditional security fields.
In the third chapter, motivation of the Russian North relations up to four points, respectively, is the dominant factor, relations between the United States and Russia NATO Russia factors, factors and external environmental factors. Firstly, the functions and policy transformation of NATO led by the United States, the development of the Russian North relations is the essence of Russia-U.S. relations change oriented. Secondly, NATO the political functions of the expansion and the expansion of NATO are internal factors influencing the change of the Russian North relations. In third, the development direction of the formulation of Russian foreign policy and relations with NATO by national strength and development needs. Fourth, the Russian North relations development direction of external factors, the main influence of terrorism and the global economic crisis.
Combined with the history of the Russian North relations and a deep analysis on the development of bilateral relations in the fourth chapter, the causes, characteristics of the Russian North relations are summarized. Firstly, the main characteristics of the Russian North relations is the existence of structural contradictions, mainly refers to the security dilemma caused by the serious lack of mutual trust. Secondly, the strength of Russia and NATO the imbalance leads to the asymmetry of bilateral relations, NATO and Russia has always been dominant in the passive position. Third, historical experience shows that a lot of the Russian North relations subject factors, has resulted in the instability. Finally, some cooperation mechanism of Russia and NATO has established plays a role of solid relations and expand cooperation, but fundamentalcontradictions have not been effectively resolved, Russia and NATO cooperation mechanism has a certain symbolic.
In the fifth chapter of the three leaders of Russia to NATO policy were analyzed, and then the Russian North relations in the future to make objective prediction. In addition, a far-reaching influence on the relations of Russia also makes a rational analysis and summary, and draw on China's foreign policy and national development direction of enlightenment.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D814.1

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