作为战略追求的“势力范围”：一种历史的分析视角

发布时间：2018-03-05 22:24

本文选题：外交战略　切入点：势力范围　出处：《外交学院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对“势力范围”的追求屡屡出现在西方大国的历史中。在一些实践中，大国的这种追求表现出作为国家战略的一般特性。本文从外交战略的角度来研究这种现象。追求“势力范围”的战略有一定的现实性。这种现实性根植于世界系统的结构及其组成单元的特性，本文从世界的二元分化、大国的引力场、战略边疆、战略目标的有限性及小国面临的困境等方面对此进行了论证。本文主要分析了两个历史案例：其一为19世纪末列强对中国的瓜分，特别地以德国为主要分析对象；其二为从19世纪初开始的在“门罗主义”的指导下美国对拉丁美洲的图谋。通过比较两者在不同条件下实施该战略的不同方式，归纳了势力范围战略的两种模式，，以及不同模式应用的相同点。虽然当今的文化、秩序已经容不得类似的思想，但是旧的大国仍然继续着类似的经营，某些新的大国也表现出某种潜在的追求。本文以美国和俄罗斯为例对此进行了说明。势力范围战略并不符合中国的自身特点和战略需要。但是,中国需要进一步认识势力范围战略以更有利地应对其竞争对手的潜在追求，探寻自己的路。
[Abstract]:The pursuit of "sphere of influence" often appears in the history of western powers. In some practices, the pursuit of great powers shows the general characteristics of national strategy. This paper studies this phenomenon from the angle of diplomatic strategy. The strategy of pursuing "sphere of influence" has a certain reality. This reality is rooted in the structure of the world system and the characteristics of its constituent units. This paper is divided from the duality of the world, the gravitational field of the great power, the strategic frontier, The limitation of strategic objectives and the plight of small countries are discussed. This paper mainly analyzes two historical cases: the first is the partition of China by the powers at the end of 19th century, especially with Germany as the main object of analysis; The second is the United States' attempt to Latin America under the guidance of "Monroe Doctrine" from the beginning of 19th century. By comparing the two different ways of implementing the strategy under different conditions, this paper sums up two models of the sphere of influence strategy. And the similarities of different pattern applications. Although today's culture and order can no longer contain similar ideas, the old powers continue to operate in a similar way, and some new powers also show some potential pursuit. This paper takes the United States and Russia as an example to illustrate this. The strategy of sphere of influence is not in line with China's own characteristics and strategic needs. However, China needs to further understand the strategy of influence scope in order to deal with the potential pursuit of its competitors more advantageously, and to explore its own way.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D80

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