论海盗犯罪及其国际法管辖

发布时间：2018-03-06 16:28

本文选题：海盗　切入点：犯罪构成　出处：《华东政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海盗作为一种古老的海上犯罪行为,从古时的猖獗、近代的收敛再到目前的持续上升,无时无刻不严重威胁着世界海上航海安全。随着国际政治、经济形势的变化以及科学技术的发展,海盗犯罪大有愈演愈烈之势,不仅从事劫船掠货等犯罪活动,还参与或者主导走私、贩卖人口等勾当,甚至和有组织的恐怖主义相结合,对世界贸易和人们的生命安全造成的威胁日益增强。如何解决国际条约和各国国内法规范缺失、相互接轨不畅的问题,对普遍管辖权加以完善和修正,加大对海盗犯罪的打击与惩治,具有重要的现实意义。本文分为导言、正文和结论三部分,其中正文分为四章。本文第一章首先回顾了海盗的历史,揭示了海盗由令人尊敬的海上骑士逐渐演变为国际法上的违法行为的历史变迁。接着从国际法、国内法两个角度,详细介绍了规制海盗犯罪的法律发展,并通过比较将国际法上的海盗与国内法上的海盗予以严格区别,对值得借鉴的立法成就进行了总结和概括。本文第二章针对1982年《联合国海洋法公约》第101条对海盗行为的明确界定,对海盗犯罪的构成从主体要件、主观要件、客体要件和客观方面要件等方面进行深入研究,对其存在的问题进行了详细的剖析并提出了自己的观点,如主体限定的私人性容易导致对某些海盗犯罪的放纵,主观上的“私人目的”与当前形势不符,专属经济区应当纳入海盗犯罪的发生地等等。结合其犯罪构成对海盗犯罪的认定中注意的问题进行了介绍。本文第三章从普遍管辖权的概念和特征入手,阐述了对海盗犯罪实施普遍管辖的必要性。接着对普遍管辖权的实施及过程中产生的冲突提出了解决之道,通过确立管辖权顺位、建立安理会主导的打击海盗机制、组建海盗犯罪特别国际刑事法庭等方式解决普遍管辖冲突,加强对海盗的打击与惩治。本文第四章结合我国目前针对海盗犯罪的立法现状,分析了增设海盗罪的必要性,并对相关的犯罪构成、刑罚、管辖权和司法问题做了探讨。
[Abstract]:Piracy, as an ancient maritime crime, has threatened the safety of maritime navigation in the world all the time from the rampant in ancient times, the convergence of modern times to the continuous rise of the present. With the development of international politics, With the changes in the economic situation and the development of science and technology, the crime of piracy is becoming more and more serious. Not only are they engaged in such criminal activities as robbery and plunder, but they also participate in or lead activities such as smuggling and trafficking in human beings, and even combine with organized terrorism. The increasing threat to world trade and the safety of human life... how to address the lack of international treaties and the norms of national domestic law and their lack of convergence with each other, and how to improve and amend universal jurisdiction, It is of great practical significance to intensify the fight against and punish piracy crimes. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, in which the text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter first reviews the history of piracy and reveals the historical evolution of piracy from the venerable knights at sea to illegal acts in international law, and then from the perspectives of international law and domestic law. This paper introduces in detail the legal development of the regulation of piracy crime and summarizes the legislative achievements worthy of reference by comparing the strict differences between pirates in international law and pirates in domestic law. The second chapter focuses on the explicit definition of piracy in Article 101 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982, and makes a thorough study on the constitution of the crime of piracy from the aspects of subject elements, subjective elements, object elements and objective elements, etc. This paper makes a detailed analysis of its existing problems and puts forward its own viewpoint. For example, the restricted private nature of the subject can easily lead to the indulgence of some pirate crimes, and the subjective "private purpose" is not in accordance with the current situation. The exclusive economic zone should include the place of piracy crime and so on. In the third chapter, the author begins with the concept and characteristics of universal jurisdiction, expounds the necessity of implementing universal jurisdiction over piracy crimes, and then puts forward some solutions to the conflicts arising from the implementation of universal jurisdiction. Through the establishment of jurisdiction ranking, the establishment of the anti-piracy mechanism led by the Security Council, the establishment of a special international criminal court for piracy crimes and other ways to resolve the conflict of universal jurisdiction, and strengthen the fight against and punish pirates. The 4th chapter analyzes the necessity of establishing the crime of piracy, and probes into the constitution, penalty, jurisdiction and judicature of the crime.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D997.9;D815

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