从敌对到合作：战后法德和解的进程研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 14:04

本文选题：鲁尔　切入点：萨尔　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：法德两国在历史上曾经是世代宿敌,历史上两国间爆发过多次大的战争和冲突,甚至还引发了两次世界大战。一战后法德两个国家曾尝试着实现和解,但最终失败了并且还导致了第二次世界大战的爆发。二战后法德和解再次启动,并随着"鲁尔问题"、"萨尔问题"的成功解决以及《法德友好合作条约》的签订而走向成功。通过法德两次和解的进程分析,我们发现同样有领土争端、同样有赔款问题、同样有国际联盟的存在,但为什么两次和解的结果却截然不同。区别在于:二战后苏联势力的崛起,造成法德相互威胁的共同转移;美国超强实力的存在,引导和把控法德和解进程;欧洲的区域一体化使得法德和解能够在超越双边视角下进行;法国重塑世界秩序主导权的失去,使得法德和解谈判中的政策不会过分倾斜。同时,法德两国领导人的坚持和推动,德国自身的深刻反省也是促使法德成功和解主要因素。这些因素是一战后法德和解进程所没有的,它虽然具有历史时间段内独特性,但它也有为世界上其他有类似问题国家间的和解与合作、提供借鉴的可行性。
[Abstract]:France and Germany have been enemies for generations in history. In history, there have been many major wars and conflicts between the two countries, and even two world wars. After the first World War, France and Germany tried to achieve reconciliation. But it ultimately failed and led to the outbreak of World War II. The Franco-German reconciliation began again after World War II. And with the successful settlement of the "Ruhr issue", the "Sal issue" and the signing of the "Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between France and Germany", and through the analysis of the two reconciliation processes between France and Germany, we find that there are also territorial disputes and the same problem of reparations. There is also a League of Nations, but why the results of the two reconciliations are quite different: the rise of Soviet power after World War II led to a common transfer of threats between France and Germany, and the existence of the United States' super power. To guide and control the process of Franco-German reconciliation; the regional integration of Europe allows Franco-German reconciliation to take place beyond the bilateral perspective; the loss of France's remaking of the dominance of the world order, so that the policy in the Franco-German reconciliation negotiations will not be excessively skewed. The persistence and promotion of the leaders of France and Germany, and the deep reflection of Germany itself, are also the main factors that have contributed to the successful reconciliation between France and Germany. These factors are not found in the process of reconciliation between France and Germany after the first World War, although they are unique in the historical period. But it also provides the possibility of reconciliation and cooperation among other countries with similar problems in the world.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D856.5;D851.6

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