美国对外援助的利益集团因素

发布时间：2018-03-08 02:12

本文选题：利益集团　切入点：对外援助　出处：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国现行的政治体系中，国会、行政部门和司法部门共同组成了一个严密的政策系统。在其内外政策的制定、决策和实施过程中，国会、行政部门和司法部门三者之间经常性的发生互动和联系，而作为游离于国家政权体系之外的利益集团，积极参与到美国政治决策的各个环节之中，不断向国会、行政部门进行政治游说和院外活动试图影响美国的内政外交，从中获取一定的利益，成为美国政治活动的重要影响因素之一。二战后，作为美国外交政策的重要组成部分的对外援助政策，也日益成为利益集团争相参与其中，试图影响其政策走向，从中获取巨大利益的一块“面包”。近些年来，利益集团在美国对外援助政策走向方面的影响日趋明显，已经成为美国外交中的重要影响力量，带来了许多国际关系的新变化，引起了国际政治、国际关系、发展经济学等领域学者的关注和巨大兴趣。研究利益集团在美国对外援助中的影响作用并作出合理的评估，将有助于我们认识美国对外援助政策的本质和价值取向，从而为我国制定相关外援政策提供一些可资借鉴的经验和启示。本文写作框架主要包括五部分的内容，具体的行文思路如下：第一部分是绪论部分，主要内容包括本文的写作缘由及其选题意义；梳理和总结了目前国内外学界对这一问题的一个研究现状；最后，就利益集团的概念进行了集中的分析和阐释。第二部分主要探讨了利益集团影响美国对外援助政策的原因，具体从美国实行的“三权分立”的政治制度构架、美国独特的选举政治、美国社会多元开放的文化和意识形态方面的双重考虑等四个方面进行了初步的梳理和总结。第三部分集中分析了影响美国对外援助的利益集团，主要将影响美国对外援助的利益集团分为六大类，，即政党、经济利益集团、种族和宗教利益集团、公共利益集团、非政府性的研究机构和外国利益集团。第四部分是本文的重点，主要对利益集团对美国对外援助政策的影响进行一个简要的评析，认为利益集团在对美国外援政策的影响上存在不均衡性和局限性。最后一部分是全文的一个小结，主要是对利益集团在美国对外援助政策中的影响和作用的展望。
[Abstract]:In the current political system of the United States, Congress, the executive branch and the judiciary together form a rigorous policy system. In the process of making, making and implementing internal and external policies, Congress, There is regular interaction and contact between the executive branch and the judiciary, and as an interest group outside the system of state power, they actively participate in all aspects of US political decision-making and continue to come to Congress. The executive branch made political lobbying and outside activities in an attempt to influence the internal and foreign affairs of the United States, thus obtaining certain benefits, which became one of the important influential factors in the political activities of the United States. After the second World War, Foreign aid policy, an important part of the United States foreign policy, has increasingly become a piece of bread in which interest groups are competing to influence the direction of their policies and derive enormous benefits from them. The influence of interest groups on the direction of US foreign aid policy has become increasingly evident, and has become an important influential force in US diplomacy, which has brought about many new changes in international relations and caused international politics and international relations. Research on the role of interest groups in US foreign aid and making a reasonable assessment will help us understand the nature and value orientation of US foreign aid policy. Thus, it can provide some experience and enlightenment for our country to formulate the relevant foreign aid policy. The frame of this thesis mainly includes five parts, and the specific ideas are as follows:. The first part is the introduction part, the main content includes the writing reason of this article and its significance; combing and summing up the current domestic and foreign academic research on this issue; finally, The second part mainly discusses the reasons for the influence of interest groups on the foreign aid policy of the United States, and concretely discusses the political framework of the "separation of powers" implemented by the United States. The unique election politics of the United States, the dual consideration of the cultural and ideological aspects of the pluralistic and open society in the United States are preliminarily sorted out and summarized. The third part focuses on the analysis of interest groups that affect the United States' foreign aid. The interest groups that affect US foreign aid are divided into six categories, namely, political parties, economic interest groups, ethnic and religious interest groups, and public interest groups. Non-government research institutions and foreign interest groups. Part 4th is the focus of this paper. It mainly reviews the impact of interest groups on US foreign aid policy. The last part is a summary of the whole paper, mainly about the influence and function of interest groups in American foreign aid policy.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

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