冷战后美国对撒哈拉以南非洲政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 02:31

本文选题：美国　切入点：非洲　出处：《外交学院》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：撒哈拉以南非洲（以下简称非洲）是一个涵盖众多国家的地区，非洲重要的地理位置、广阔的市场以及丰富的自然资源赋予其重要的战略价值。无论从国际地缘战略考察，还是从美国的国土安全与能源保障分析，美国在非洲都拥有重要的战略利益。美国对非洲事务的大规模介入始于冷战期间。这一时期，美国采取了政治、经济、军事等多种手段控制非洲，与苏联争霸，力图取得在非洲的绝对优势。非洲也因此受到了美国的格外关注。冷战结束后的非洲，苏联霸权影响消失，战争冲突持续不断，经济发展困难重重，人道主义危机频繁发生。美国对非洲政策进行了初次调整。内容包括，高调推进美国模式，避免军事卷入，漠视市场开发，减少经济援助。但是，随着恐怖主义渗入非洲、欧洲传统优势回归非洲以及中非关系的深入发展，美国迫于外部压力重新评估了在非洲的核心目标，明确了其在非洲安全、经济以及援助三个核心政策领域所面临的挑战。在此基础上，美国再次调整了对非洲的军事、经济以及援助政策。在军事领域，美国加大了对非军事援助力度，广泛开展与非洲国家的反恐合作，，以及建立在非洲的军事常设机构；在经济领域，美国开始面向非洲开放市场，大力拓展对非能源进口，扩大对美非贸易的资金技术支持，以及推动非洲国家进行经济改革；在援助领域，美国大幅增加了对非洲的援助及减债力度，在非洲渐进式的推进美国政治理念，以确保美国在非洲的主导地位。再次调整后的美国对非政策使得美国非洲反恐初见成效，美国对非贸易及投资额上涨以及美非间的政治关系强化。但是也存在一些问题，包括，难以根除恐怖主义温床，美非间的贸易结构仍然单一以及美国在非洲的国家形象难以大幅提升。这促使美国开始寻求多边的方式处理非洲问题，为中、美两国在非洲开展合作留下了空间。
[Abstract]:Sub-Saharan Africa (hereinafter referred to as Africa) is a region that covers a large number of countries. Africa's important geographical location, vast markets and abundant natural resources give it important strategic value. Also in terms of homeland security and energy security, the United States has important strategic interests in Africa. The large-scale involvement of the United States in African affairs began during the Cold War, during which the United States took political, economic, military and other means to control Africa and compete for hegemony with the Soviet Union. Trying to gain an absolute advantage in Africa, Africa has also received special attention from the United States. After the end of the Cold War, in Africa, the influence of Soviet hegemony disappeared, the conflicts of war continued, the economic development was beset with difficulties, and humanitarian crises occurred frequently. The United States made the first adjustment of its African policy. The contents included, promoting the American model in a high profile. Avoid military involvement, disregard market development, and reduce economic aid. However, with the infiltration of terrorism into Africa, the return of Europe's traditional advantages to Africa and the deepening development of China-Africa relations, the United States, under external pressure, has reassessed its core objectives in Africa and defined its security in Africa. Challenges in the three core policy areas of the economy and aid. On this basis, the United States has once again adjusted its military, economic and aid policies to Africa. In the military field, the United States has increased its military assistance to non-military countries and extensively carried out counter-terrorism cooperation with African countries. In the economic field, the United States has begun to open its markets to Africa, expand its energy imports to Africa, expand its financial and technical support for trade with the United States and Africa, and promote the economic reform of African countries. In the area of aid, the United States has significantly increased its aid and debt relief efforts to Africa, advancing its political philosophy gradually in Africa to ensure its dominance in Africa. The readjusted United States policy towards Africa has made the United States effective in combating terrorism in Africa. The increase in U.S. trade and investment in Africa and the strengthening of political relations between the United States and Africa. However, there are also some problems, including the difficulty of eradicating the hotbed of terrorism. The trade structure between the United States and Africa remains unitary and the image of the United States in Africa is difficult to improve significantly. This has prompted the United States to seek a multilateral approach to Africa, leaving room for cooperation between the two countries in Africa.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

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