负责任大国建设中的中国对非政策（2006年以来）

发布时间：2018-03-09 11:38

本文选题：中国　切入点：非洲　出处：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：出于回应国际社会上存在的“中国威胁论”、“中国责任论”等论调,出于回应发展中国家对中国的期待。同样,也是出于中国对于国际社会所承担的一份责任和中国和平与发展的内在需要。20世纪90年代中后期,中国提出,要做国际社会中的“负责任大国”,并开始积极建构。不过,关于“负责任大国”,国际社会并没有统一的评价标准,主要还是靠各国自己的理解。中国与西方国家对于“负责任大国”有着各自的理解,中国理解的“负责任大国”不仅有对内负责,即把自己的事情办好,也有对外负责,主要是维护发展中国家的整体利益,承担国际责任,推动国际政治经济新秩序的建立。而西方理解的“负责任大国”主要强调中国对外承担责任。希望中国维护国际体系,承担与西方国家同等的责任。希望中国跟着西方的步调,实质上,也就是对西方负责。西方与中国之所以会有分歧,其根源就在于社会制度的不同。当前的非洲整体上趋于稳定,不过,争端和冲突依然存在。不仅有领土争端,也有国内政治斗争,军事政变等。良政和善治仍是非洲需要推进的。非洲的发展已经取得了一定的成绩,经济发展整体速度较快。可是,发展不平衡,人口、资源压力,疾病的治疗与预防等等问题都困扰着非洲。所以,和平与发展仍是非洲的主要任务。中国的“负责任大国”既有自己的国际目标,也有对非政策目标,包括支持非洲自主选择发展道路,支持非洲发展经济、建设国家,支持非洲加强能力建设等方面。总的来说,中国提出的对非政策目标是符合当前非洲的期待的,中国对非政策是适当的,是“负责任大国”的体现。论文回顾了1956年—1978年,1979年—1994年,1995年—2005年三个时期的中国对非政策。中国各个时期的对非政策虽然有一些不足,不过,总体上推动了非洲的发展。论文结合中国对非政策目标,评估了当前中国的对非政策。认为,中国对非政策已经取得了政治上、经济和社会文化上的成就,同时,也存在不足之处。中国对非政策还面临着各种困难和挑战,这里有非洲方面的因素,如非洲本身的不稳定局面,非洲国家政治体制,非洲在野党和非政府组织等问题。也有其它国家的介入问题,西方国家重新回归非洲,其利益与中国存在竞争,而其它新型国家对非洲的积极参与也与中国之间存在竞争。另外,中国自身存在的问题也影响到对非政策今后的实施,如企业与政府间的利益矛盾,产品质量,环境保护,劳工权益等方面有待解决。为了能更好地推进中非关系的发展,本文提出,中国应从推动经贸平衡发展与关注环保和民生,积极参与危机处理和扩大非官方交流,在对非政策中注重与其它大国的合作等三个方面提出建议。
[Abstract]:In response to the theories of "China threat" and "China's responsibility" existing in the international community, and in response to the expectations of developing countries on China. Similarly, Also out of China's responsibility to the international community and the inherent need for China's peace and development. In the middle and late 90s of the 20th century, China proposed to be a "responsible power" in the international community and began to actively construct. The international community does not have a unified evaluation standard for "responsible big countries", but mainly depends on the understanding of each country itself. China and Western countries have their own understanding of "responsible big countries." The "responsible big country" that China understands is not only responsible for its own affairs, but also responsible for foreign affairs, mainly to safeguard the overall interests of developing countries and to assume international responsibility. Promoting the establishment of a new international political and economic order. The "responsible big country" understood by the West mainly emphasizes China's foreign responsibility. It hopes that China will safeguard the international system and assume the same responsibilities as the western countries. It is hoped that China will follow the pace of the West. In essence, it is responsible to the West. The reason for the differences between the West and China lies in the difference of social system. At present, Africa as a whole is stabilizing, but disputes and conflicts still exist... There are not only territorial disputes, but also domestic political struggles. Military coups d'茅 tat and so on. Good governance and good governance still need to be promoted in Africa. Africa has made certain achievements in its development, and the overall economic development rate is relatively fast. However, development is uneven, population and resources are under pressure, The problems of treatment and prevention of diseases have plagued Africa. Therefore, peace and development are still the main tasks in Africa. China's "responsible big countries" have their own international goals as well as policy objectives towards Africa. Including supporting Africa to choose its own development path, to support African economic development, to build countries, and to support African capacity-building. In general, China's policy objectives for Africa are in line with Africa's current expectations. China's policy towards Africa is appropriate and a reflection of "responsible power". This paper reviews China's policies towards Africa during the three periods from 1956 to 1978, 1979 to 1979, 1979 to 1994. Although China's policy towards Africa has some shortcomings in each period, however, China's policy towards Africa in each period has some shortcomings. The paper evaluates China's current policy towards Africa, considering the objectives of China's policy towards Africa. It holds that China's policy towards Africa has achieved political, economic and social and cultural achievements, while, at the same time, There are also shortcomings. China's policy towards Africa also faces various difficulties and challenges. There are African factors, such as the instability in Africa itself, the political system of African countries, Problems such as opposition parties and non-governmental organizations in Africa. There is also the involvement of other countries. Western countries are returning to Africa and their interests are competing with China. In addition, China's own problems also affect the future implementation of its policies towards Africa, such as conflicts of interests between enterprises and governments, product quality, and environmental protection. In order to better promote the development of China-Africa relations, this paper proposes that China should actively participate in crisis management and expand unofficial exchanges in order to promote balanced economic and trade development and concern for environmental protection and people's livelihood. In the non-policy focus on cooperation with other major countries and other three aspects of advice.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D820;D822.3

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