洋务时期驻外使节群体及其中西文化观研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 11:49

本文选题：近代外交　切入点：洋务运动　出处：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近代早期的洋务运动是一次自强救亡的改革运动，它以“师夷长技以制夷”与“中学为体、西学为用”为旗号迈出了中国近代化的第一步。作为洋务运动的重要组成部分，1870年代末兴起的遣使活动是洋务运动深入发展到一个新阶段的显著标志。自1875年郭嵩焘出使英国直到1894年标志着洋务运动破产的中日甲午战争爆发，晚清政府先后向欧洲、美洲、日本派出驻外使节二十余人次，形成了一个奔走于东西洋之间、专门处理对外交涉事务的使节群体。驻外使节群体之所以特殊，是因为他们是以传统官僚的身份去切实感受资本主义文明，在中西学术文化激突的前沿行使自己的使臣职责。虽然每个人的情形不尽相同，但他们共有的出使经历都促使其在思想发生了巨大的转变，成为导致其从传统官僚队伍中分化出来的一个重要因素。他们思想活跃，因为他们所扮演的角色并不仅仅只是中国的外交官员，同时也是向西方求教的学生与融汇中西学的学者。他们从各个角度审视西方世界的方方面面，，加剧了自身对传统儒学的质疑与批判。在中西对比的过程中，他们体现出三种主要的思维方式，并且在此基础上就一些有关中西学术与文化的问题阐发了新的主张。本文拟就对洋务时期的出使背景及该群体成员在功名、籍贯、年龄、有无佐幕经历、出使前官职与品秩、回国后的归宿等六个方面进行综合分析，总结出他们共同所有的群体性特点。并就他们在中西对比中的三种思维与一些新问题上达成的共识进行一定的论述。
[Abstract]:The Westernization Movement in the early modern times was a reform movement of strengthening itself and saving the nation. Western learning has taken the first step of modernization of China under the banner of "Westernization". As an important part of the Westernization Movement, the emissary, which rose in the late 1870s, is a remarkable symbol of the further development of the Westernization Movement to a new stage. Since 1875, Guo Guo. Songtao's mission to England until 1894 marked the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War, which broke out in the Westernization Movement. The late Qing government sent more than 20 diplomatic envoys to Europe, America and Japan, forming a group of envoys who travel between the East and the West and deal with foreign affairs. The special reason for the special diplomatic missions abroad is that they really feel capitalist civilization as a traditional bureaucrat and exercise their role as envoys at the forefront of the upsurge of Chinese and Western academic culture. Although the situation of each person is different, However, their common mission experience has led to a great change in their thinking, which has become an important factor leading to their separation from the traditional bureaucracy. They are active because their role is not only Chinese diplomats, but also Western students and scholars. They look at all aspects of the Western world from all angles. In the process of comparison between China and the West, they embody three main ways of thinking, and on the basis of this, they expound some new ideas on the academic and cultural issues of China and the West. This paper intends to make a comprehensive analysis of the background of the diplomatic missions during the Westernization period and the six aspects of the group members in terms of merit, place of origin, age, experience in the service, rank of former official posts and articles, and home after returning to China. This paper summarizes the collective characteristics of their common ownership, and discusses the three kinds of thinking and the common understanding reached on some new issues in the comparison between China and the West.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D829;K256.1

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