《北华捷报》对卢沟桥事变报道的研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 23:27

本文选题：北华捷报　切入点：中英关系　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：西方帝国主义打开中国国门之后,西方媒体陆续进驻中国,面向中国人和在华本国人发行各类报纸书刊,在一定程度上反映了西方世界对华的舆情动态。素有英国"官报"之称的《北华捷报》作为英国在华第一大报纸,在"卢沟桥事变"(亦称"七七事变",本文取用"卢沟桥事变")前后发表大量报道,记录下许多事关卢沟桥事变和中日关系的情况,成为我们现今研究卢沟桥事变的史料之一,也为以传媒视角研究当时中英两国关系的提供了便利。本文选取《北华捷报》在1937年7月7日至1937年7月28日期间的报道为主要史料,期间共发行4期报纸,文章数量约1000余篇,卢沟桥事变、中日关系相关文章共70余篇。通过对《北华捷报》事变时政报道、评论报道、采访报道的梳理,进行深入地研究和分析,探讨《北华捷报》对中国遭遇卢沟桥事变的立场态度变化,填补《北华捷报》在事变前后报道立场的研究空白。《北华捷报》标榜"公正而不中立",在其对卢沟桥事变的报道中有所体现,但却又因利而变。本文以卢沟桥事变为时间界线,将其立场分为事变前、事变后两个基本阶段。事变前其袒护日本,关注度低;事变后,其立场从存在疑惑、指责中国转变到同情中国。事变刚刚爆发时,《北华捷报》对日本报道数量远超中国,包括实地采访、人物采访、时评等,但的中国报道寥寥无几,且指责中国的冲动。后期随着日本侵华加剧,处于保护英国在华利益的根本考虑,报道里对中日两国报道的数量渐渐持平,而且对中国的指责明显减少,同情增多。这样的立场变化,深刻体现了《北华捷报》作为资本主义入侵的传媒工具,所蕴含的利益本质。《北华捷报》的立场形成以及变化受到诸多因素影响,既因为日本有准备的"宣传方案",也有英国长期奉行的绥靖政策影响。英国国内社会舆情的发展,在英华侨的救国运动,都对《北华捷报》的立场转变产生了影响。除此之外本文认为《北华捷报》作者团队的成长,受到英国社会环境的影响,在这种潜移默化的影响下,其所秉持的观点与英国国内的舆情政策变动具有一致性。总体来讲,英国的利益使然,决定了《北华捷报》的根本立场,英国的社会舆情潜移默化中引导《北华捷报》立场发生着变化,主编、作者团队自带的英国属性,使远在东方的《北华捷报》一直未能真正远离英国。通过使用心理学、传播学,探讨同一时期英国国内对华外交政策、舆情状况,对《北华捷报》所产生的潜移默化的影响及其方式,更进一步理解《北华捷报》在事变前后时间内立场变化的深层次原因。中国在抗日战争初期饱受欺辱,在传媒方面亦受到冲击,发声困难。在如今以互联网为基础的国际传媒日渐发达的时刻,我们既要不忘历史,也要在国际关系中,认识不同媒体所持立场态度的原始动力,把握好舆论传媒的重大作用,该发声时毫不退缩,维护好国家主权。
[Abstract]:After Western imperialism opened its doors to China, the Western media moved into China one after another, distributing various newspapers, books and periodicals to Chinese and native people in China. To a certain extent, it reflects the trends of public opinion towards China in the western world. As the largest British newspaper in China, the Bei Hua Jie newspaper, known as the British "official newspaper," Before and after the "Lugou Bridge incident" (also known as the "July 7th incident"), this article draws on the "Lugou Bridge incident" and publishes a large number of reports, documenting a lot about the Lugou Bridge incident and the Sino-Japanese relations. It has become one of the historical materials that we study the Lugou Bridge incident today. It also facilitates the study of Sino-British relations from the perspective of the media. This paper selects the reports of the Beihua Jiebao from July 7th 1937 to July 28th 1937 as the main historical materials, during which a total of four issues of newspapers were published. The number of articles is about 1000, Lugou Bridge incident, Sino-Japanese relations related articles a total of more than 70. Through the "Beihua Jiebao" incident of the current political reports, review reports, interview reports combing, in-depth research and analysis, To probe into the change in the attitude of the Beihua Czech News to the incident of Lugou Bridge in China, Fill in the blank in the research on the reporting position of Bei Hua Jie Bao before and after the incident. The Beihua Jiejie News preaches "impartiality but not neutrality", which is reflected in its report on the incident of Lugou Bridge, but also changes because of profit. This article regards the Lugou Bridge incident as the time limit. Its position can be divided into two basic stages before and after the incident. Before the incident, it was protective of Japan and its attention was low; after the incident, its position was confused. Accuse China of turning to sympathy with China. When the incident broke out, the Beihua Jiejie newspaper reported on Japan far more than China, including field interviews, character interviews, time reviews, and so on, but there were very few reports on China. And blame China's impulse. Later, as Japan's invasion of China intensified, in the fundamental consideration of protecting Britain's interests in China, the number of reports on China and Japan in the report gradually levelled off, and there was a marked decrease in the number of accusations against China. Sympathy has increased. Such a change of position profoundly reflects the essence of the interests contained in the "Beihua Jiebao" as a media tool for capitalist invasion. The formation and change of the "Beihua Jiebao" stand was influenced by many factors. Not only because Japan has prepared "propaganda programs", but also because of the long-held appeasement policy of Britain. The development of public opinion in Britain and the national salvation movement of overseas Chinese in Britain, In addition, this paper believes that the growth of the author's team is influenced by the British social environment, under the influence of this kind of subtle influence. Its views are consistent with the changes in public opinion policies in Britain. Generally speaking, the interests of the United Kingdom have determined the fundamental position of the "North China Czech News". The British social public opinion led to the change in the position of Beihua Jiebao, the British attribute brought by the editor and the author's team, so that the Bei Hua Jie News in the far East has never really been far away from the United Kingdom. Through the use of psychology, Communication, the study of British foreign policy towards China in the same period, the state of public opinion, the subtle influence on Beihua Jiebao and its methods, To further understand the deep-rooted reasons for the change of position in the period before and after the incident, the Beihua Czech News. China was humiliated at the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan, and it was also hit by the media. It is difficult to speak out. At a time when the international media based on the Internet is becoming increasingly developed, we should not only not forget history, but also understand the original motive force of the stance and attitude of different media in international relations, and grasp the important role of the media of public opinion. We should not back down when we speak, and safeguard our national sovereignty.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815

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