试论1917-1932年美国对苏的“不承认政策”

发布时间：2018-03-15 01:22

本文选题：“不承认政策”　切入点：美国　出处：《中央民族大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在1917-1932年间的美苏关系中,美国对俄国苏维埃政权施行的“不承认政策”,构成了美对苏外交的主要内容。二十世纪初,美俄两国的政治经济关系受到历史因素的影响,十分薄弱。美国在对俄外交上存在的先天不足,为之后的美早期对苏政策埋下了伏笔。随着1917年俄国苏维埃政权的建立,美国受意识形态与国家利益的影响,拒绝与之建立正常的外交关系,并由此提出了“不承认”的对苏政策,试图利用政治、经济压力迫使俄国改变自己的政治体制。在长达16年的时间里,“不承认政策”经历了它的形成、高峰、维持、瓦解的各个阶段。同时,美国这一时期的国内政治与国际关系也受到其影响,而产生相应的后果。本文除绪论、结束语外,共分四个部分。第一部分从历史的角度回顾20世纪初的美俄关系,以此探讨1917—1932年美国对苏政策的背景。首先,分析了脆弱的美俄关系与美国对俄外交的不足；其次,分析二月革命后,美国对俄政策的目标以及实施过程中的不足。第二部分是对苏俄建立后,威尔逊政府对苏政策的演变。其中包括美国在前期拒绝承认苏俄和诱使苏俄继续参战。在《布列斯特和约》签订后,美国参与了对俄武装干涉,并在干涉失败后,正式提出“不承认政策”。第三部分是分析共和党政府时期,美国继续坚持“不承认政策”。美国在“不承认政策”的立场上如何处理与苏联的关系,并分析了“不承认政策”可以长期坚持的原因。第四部分是分析胡佛政府时期,“不承认政策”面临的困境,以及继续坚持“不承认政策”所导致的恶果。首先是分析了苏联在20年代中后期发生的变化,其次是分析胡佛政府因坚持“不承认政策”而发起的反苏浪潮,最后是“不承认政策”在国际关系中的负面影响。
[Abstract]:In the U.S.-Soviet relations between 1917 and 1932, the "policy of non-recognition" carried out by the United States towards the Russian Soviet regime constituted the main content of American diplomacy to the Soviet Union. In early 20th century, the political and economic relations between the United States and Russia were influenced by historical factors. Very weak. The inherent deficiencies in American diplomacy with Russia laid the groundwork for the early American policy toward the Soviet Union. With the establishment of the Russian Soviet regime in 1917, the United States was influenced by ideology and national interests. Refusing to establish normal diplomatic relations with it, and thus proposing a "non-recognition" policy towards the Soviet Union, in an attempt to use politics, Economic pressure has forced Russia to change its political system. For 16 years, the "non-recognition policy" has gone through its various stages of formation, peak, maintenance, and collapse. At the same time, The domestic politics and international relations in this period of the United States were also affected by the influence, which had corresponding consequences. This paper, in addition to the introduction and concluding remarks, is divided into four parts. The first part reviews the relations between the United States and Russia at the beginning of 20th century from the historical point of view. In this way, the background of American policy towards the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1932 is discussed. Firstly, it analyzes the fragile US-Russian relations and the insufficiency of American diplomacy to Russia; secondly, after the revolution in February, The objectives of the US policy towards Russia and the deficiencies in its implementation. The second part is after the establishment of the Soviet Union. The evolution of the Wilson administration's policy towards the Soviet Union, including the refusal of the United States to recognize Soviet Russia and induce Soviet Russia to continue to participate in the war. After the signing of the Treaty of Brest, the United States took part in armed intervention against Russia, and after the failure of the intervention, The third part is an analysis of the period of the Republican administration, in which the United States continued to adhere to the "non-recognition policy." how does the United States handle its relations with the Soviet Union in the position of "non-recognition policy"? It also analyzes the reasons why "non-recognition policy" can be adhered to for a long time. 4th part is an analysis of the plight of "non-recognition policy" during the Hoover Administration. And the negative consequences of continuing to adhere to the "policy of non-recognition". First, it analyzes the changes that took place in the Soviet Union in the middle and late period of 20s, and secondly, it analyzes the anti-Soviet wave initiated by the Hoover government because of its "policy of non-recognition." Finally, the negative impact of non-recognition policy on international relations.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D871.2

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