美国1807-1809年禁运政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 10:23

本文选题：禁运　切入点：中立权利　出处：《陕西师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：19世纪初,英法之间的争霸战火重燃。英法的封锁与反封锁政策、英国的强征严重危害了美国的中立贸易、人民的人身安全和国家尊严,尤以英国行为对美国的危害极其严重。当时,以杰斐逊为首的美国民主共和党,长期持有利用其自身的贸易实现经济强制的思想。英国侮辱美国船只的“切萨皮克”号事件发生后,美国在与英国的谈判中暂时失利。为维护美国尊严、人民的人身和财产安全,杰斐逊政府请求国会制定了禁运法令。禁运法令不但禁止了美国所有的出口贸易,还阻止了一部分国内贸易,并赋予美国联邦政府前所未有的执行权力。在禁运法令生效期间,执法人员遭到商人的抵制,甚至是武力的反抗,受到联邦党人的指责。随着禁运法令的施行,其对美国的农业和商业的破坏性影响日渐显现,给人民的生活造成很大困难,也没有达到使英法就范的目的,因而遭遇越来越多的人反对。联邦政府被指责为专制政府,杰斐逊被批评为法国的“傀儡”,禁运法令被批评不符合宪法,一些联邦党人企图使商业州脱离联邦,成立新英格兰联盟。在这种形势下,杰斐逊等一些共和党人不得不放弃了禁运,联邦国会最终以《不交往法案》代替了禁运政策。作为一种经济强制手段,禁运政策未能实现杰斐逊政府的外交目标,但其对美国产生了深远的影响。在经济上,它刺激了美国的制造业,促使出现工业化的萌芽,为美国未来的工业革命奠定了一定基础。在政治上,禁运政策显示了新生的美国维护自身权利的决心,维护了美国的尊严。此外,时人还对禁运的合宪性进行了辩论,彰显了各政治党派对联邦国会贸易管理权的见地,加深了时人对美国联邦制的认识。而且,禁运经历为在未来美国维护其海上中立权利的政策指明了方向,可以说是1812年战争的起源。同时,禁运严重影响了美国的商业和农业。总体上来说,禁运的弊大于利。
[Abstract]:In early 19th century, the war of hegemony between Britain and France was reignited. The blockade and anti-blockade policies of Britain and France seriously endangered the neutral trade of the United States, the personal safety of the people and the dignity of the nation. The damage to the United States, especially in the United Kingdom, was extremely serious. At that time, the Democratic Republican Party of the United States, led by Jefferson, It has long held the idea of using its own trade to achieve economic compulsion. After the "Chesapeake" incident in which Britain insulted American ships, the United States temporarily failed in negotiations with Britain. In order to preserve the dignity of the United States, For the people's personal and property security, the Jefferson government asked Congress to enact an embargo, which not only prohibited all American exports, but also blocked some domestic trade. And gave the United States federal government unprecedented executive power. During the entry into force of the embargo decree, law enforcement officials were boycotted by businessmen, even by force of arms, and accused by the federal party. With the enforcement of the embargo decree, Its devastating effects on agriculture and commerce in the United States are becoming increasingly apparent, causing great hardship to the people and failing to bring Britain and France into compliance, which has met with increasing opposition. The federal government has been accused of being an autocratic government. Jefferson was criticized as a "puppet" of France, the embargo was criticized as unconstitutional, and some federalists tried to get the commercial states out of the Union and form the New England Union. Some Republicans, such as Jefferson, had to give up the embargo, and the federal Congress eventually replaced the embargo with the no-association act. As an economic compulsion, the embargo failed to achieve the Jefferson administration's diplomatic goals. But it had a profound impact on the United States. Economically, it stimulated American manufacturing, spurred the emergence of industrialization, and laid the foundation for a future industrial revolution in the United States. The embargo policy shows the determination of the nascent United States to defend its rights and its dignity. In addition, there was a debate on the constitutionality of the embargo, highlighting the views of political parties on the trade management power of the Federal Congress. Increased understanding of the federal system of the United States of America. Moreover, the experience of the embargo set the course for the future policy of the United States to defend its right to maritime neutrality, which could be said to be the origin of the war of 1812. At the same time, The embargo severely affects American business and agriculture. On the whole, the embargo does more harm than good.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D871.2

【相似文献】