容纳中国崛起——世界秩序视角下的美国责任及其战略抉择

发布时间：2018-03-23 05:11

本文选题：容纳　切入点：中国崛起　出处：《世界经济与政治》2017年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：从维护世界稳定与和平的角度观察,中国崛起过程中有两个方面的挑战需要解决:一是中国如何对待美国主导的所谓自由主义世界秩序;二是现有的世界秩序框架尤其是作为守成大国的美国,如何容纳一个体量与影响不断增加的中国。但是,第二个方面的挑战受到了忽视,而美国作为守成大国在维护世界秩序方面的责任也被忽略。基于此,从学理上对容纳进行分析十分必要。所谓容纳,就是守成大国愿意以适当减损自己权力、利益或调整规则的方式,在现有世界秩序框架中主动给予新兴大国以更多的空间,承认其拥有与其增长的实力相应的权力与地位,从而避免新老大国间发生重大冲突、避免世界秩序发生重大动荡。容纳政策虽无法从根本上解决权力转移的问题,但为很容易发生误解与冲突的新老大国提供了磨合、回旋乃至最后达成和平的权力妥协的时间与空间,从而增加了大国间和平竞争并实现权力和平转移的可能性。守成大国的选择与新老大国的互动是容纳政策生成的重要条件。冷战结束以来美国的对华政策从初级的、态度反复的低程度的容纳,到仅仅强调中国单方面的责任,再到有意识地拒绝甚至压缩中国的权力空间,反映了美国作为守成大国,在对待新兴大国方面的消极态度。中国不应该坐等容纳政策的降临,而应该采取积极的态度去推动实现。
[Abstract]:From the point of view of maintaining world stability and peace, there are two challenges to be solved in the process of China's rise: first, how China should deal with the so-called liberal world order dominated by the United States; The second is how the existing framework of the world order, especially the United States, as a defending power, can accommodate a China with increasing size and influence. However, the second aspect of the challenge has been ignored. And the responsibility of the United States as a major conservation power in maintaining world order is also ignored. Based on this, it is very necessary to theoretically analyze accommodation. The so-called "accommodation" means that the major powers are willing to appropriately detract from their own power. The interest or the manner in which the rules are to be adjusted, by offering within the framework of the existing world order more space for the emerging Powers to recognize their power and position commensurate with their growing power, thus avoiding major conflicts between the old and the new Powers, Avoiding major upheavals in the world order. While the policy of accommodation cannot fundamentally solve the problem of power transfer, it provides a run-in between old and new Powers that are prone to misunderstandings and conflicts, The time and space for manoeuvre and even finally for a peaceful power compromise, This increases the possibility of peaceful competition among the great powers and the peaceful transfer of power. The choice of the major powers and the interaction between the new and the old are the important conditions for the generation of the policy. Since the end of the Cold War, the United States' China policy has been at the primary level. The repeated low degree of accommodation, from merely emphasizing China's unilateral responsibilities, to consciously rejecting or even narrowing China's power space, reflects the fact that the United States is a major conservative country. China should not wait for the arrival of a policy of accommodation, but should adopt a positive attitude to push for it.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院国际问题研究所;
【基金】：笔者主持的国家社会科学基金项目“中美东亚冲突管控机制研究”(项目编号:14BGJ050)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D815

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