日本和沙俄外交史中的领土问题——以日本史料为中心的分析

发布时间：2018-03-25 18:21

本文选题：日俄关系　切入点：“北方领土”　出处：《俄罗斯研究》2014年06期

【摘要】：随着17世纪末沙俄势力逐步向远东扩张,原本天各一方的日本和沙俄开始成为邻国,两国的领土纠纷也由此产生。在两国接触初期,相比于沙俄积极在远东开疆拓土,当时的日本则希望通过"锁国"来防止外来势力的威胁。两种截然不同的外交理念,造成了早期日俄关系中俄罗斯长期处于主动的局面。这种局面真正发生改变,则是在明治维新以后。随着日本走上现代化道路,其外交理念也发生了改变。日本将长远目标瞄准了朝鲜乃至中国,所以急需建立稳定的日俄关系,《库页岛千岛交换条约》正是这种外交理念的产物。然而日本在东亚的扩张也威胁到俄国的利益,最终导致日俄战争的爆发。战后通过《朴茨茅斯条约》的签订,日俄间领土问题暂时告一段落,两国就携手在远东拓展势力范围达成了默契。这种局面直到十月革命的爆发才被打破。随着俄国苏维埃政权的建立,两国关系又进入一个新的历史阶段。
[Abstract]:With the gradual expansion of Russian forces in the far East at the end of the 17th century, Japan and Czarist Russia, originally separated from each other, began to become neighbors, resulting in territorial disputes between the two countries. In the early stage of contacts between the two countries, compared to the active opening of territory in the far East by Czarist Russia, At that time, Japan hoped to prevent the threat of foreign forces by "locking the country". Two completely different diplomatic concepts resulted in a situation in which Russia had long been on the initiative in early Japan-Russian relations. This situation really changed. It was after the Meiji Restoration. As Japan embarked on the road of modernization, its diplomatic philosophy also changed. Japan aimed its long-term goal at North Korea and even China. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish stable Japan-Russian relations. The Sakhalin Kuril Island Exchange Treaty is the product of this diplomatic concept. However, Japan's expansion in East Asia also threatens Russia's interests. Eventually led to the outbreak of the Japanese-Russian war. With the signing of the "Treaty of Portsmouth" after the war, the territorial issue between Japan and Russia was temporarily brought to an end. It was not until the October Revolution that the two countries reached a tacit understanding to expand their sphere of influence in the far East. With the establishment of the Russian Soviet regime, relations between the two countries entered a new historical stage.
【作者单位】：中国社科院日本研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“18-19世纪日俄岛屿问题的历史研究”(项目批准号:13CSS009)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D819

【参考文献】