联合国选举援助及其运作

发布时间：2018-03-26 15:42

本文选题：联合国　切入点：选举援助　出处：《国际展望》2015年03期

【摘要】：作为冷战后兴起的一种新型援助活动,联合国所提供的选举援助非常特别。它既介入国家内部,侵蚀了传统意义上的主权,同时又成为国家能力的积极建设者。鉴于选举的敏感性和复杂性,联合国在提供援助前,须由会员国或地区首先向其提出申请,如果必要,联合国会派出需求评估团进行更彻底的实地考察。根据评估结果,最后决定是否对援助请求做出答复。援助的形式主要包括:组织和操办选举、选举监督、选举核查、协调与支助国际观察员、支助国内观察员、选举观察和技术援助等七种。在过去20余年里,联合国选举援助的接受国主要分布在亚非拉地区,其中对非洲援助最多。这既反映出亚非拉国家在国家能力建设方面的制度基础薄弱,同时也反映了发达国家在制度设计、民主规范扩散上的主导地位。出于对主权原则的坚持与守护,尽管赞同实施选举援助的必要性,中国目前的参与是消极和边缘性的,并刻意与联合国的选举援助保持距离,但未来则有拓展的空间和可能。
[Abstract]:As a new type of assistance activity that emerged after the cold war, the electoral assistance provided by the United Nations is very special. It involves countries and erodes the traditional sense of sovereignty. At the same time, they are active builders of national capacity... given the sensitivity and complexity of the elections, the United Nations is required to apply to member States or regions before providing assistance, if necessary, The United Nations will send a needs assessment mission to conduct a more thorough field visit. Based on the results of the assessment, it will finally decide whether to respond to the request for assistance. The assistance will mainly take the form of: organizing and conducting elections, monitoring elections, and verifying elections. Seven types of coordination and support for international observers, support for domestic observers, electoral observation and technical assistance. In the past 20 years or so, the recipient countries of the United Nations electoral assistance have mainly been in the region of Asia, Africa and Latin America. This reflects not only the weak institutional basis of the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America in terms of national capacity-building, but also the institutional design of developed countries. The dominant position in the spread of democratic norms. Out of adherence to and protection of the principle of sovereignty, while endorsing the need to implement electoral assistance, China's current participation is negative and marginal and deliberately distanced itself from the United Nations electoral assistance. But the future has the space and the possibility to expand.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院国际关系研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“外部援助与撒哈拉以南非洲‘弱国家’建设研究”(14CGJ027)的阶段性成果上海社科院“国际关系”创新团队资助
【分类号】：D813.2

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