论海洋争端解决机制

发布时间：2018-03-26 21:09

本文选题：联合国海洋法会议　切入点：联合国海洋法公约　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人类对海洋利用的发展，国际海洋竞争逐渐进入白热化，复杂多样的国际海洋争端也接踵而至，世界各国为了维护自身海洋权益，被称为“海洋宪法”的《联合国海洋法公约》（下文简称公约）在世界各国的共同努力下于1982年签订并于1994年最终生效。该公约的签订标志着新海洋法秩序的建立迈出了第一步。该公约规定的内容较为全面，其中公约的争端解决机制规定在其第十五部分中，此外还包括公约第十一部分第五节、公约附件五、六、七、八，约占公约全部条款的四分之一。该机制是在国际争端解决实践的基础上，不仅对传统的争端解决方法进行了规定，还在进行了一系列创新，规定了一套多重性解决机制。近年来，我国与邻国有关海洋管辖权属的争端愈演愈烈，探索和平解决海洋争端解决机制是当务之急。为充分利用《联合国海洋法公约》，建立有关属于自己的海洋管理制度，维护自身海洋权益，本文共分为七部分，论述如下：第一部分先介绍了第三次联合国海洋法会议和1982年公约的基本情况，接着对公约规定的“和平解决争端的义务”进行了分析，得出公约规定的争端解决机制着眼点在于“和平解决”，缔约国有选择公约规定的争端解决方式之外的和平方式解决争端。第二部分对谈判和调解这两种和平解决争端的传统方式进行了介绍。第三部分对于公约的导致有拘束力裁判的四种强制程序进行详细阐述，通过对四种程序各自的组成、管辖权范围、具体程序及裁决的介绍，大概了解公约的四种强制程序各自的适用问题。第四部分详细阐述了公约规定的导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序的限制和任择性例外规定。此部分对不能适用公约强制程序的各类争端进行了简要阐述。第五部分单独强调了临时措施和迅速释放程序，由于此两种程序在争端解决中虽不直接解决争端，，但却在其中发挥重要作用。第六部分分析了我国当前面临的海洋争端和我国海洋争端解决机制的现状及存在的主要问题，并提出了完善我国海洋争端解决机制的建议。最后得出结论，我国应善于利用公约解决海洋争端，但更应完善海洋管理制度。
[Abstract]:With the development of human being's utilization of the ocean, the international marine competition is becoming more and more intense, and the complicated and diverse international maritime disputes come one after another. In order to safeguard the rights and interests of the world's oceans, The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, known as the Constitution of the Oceans (hereinafter referred to as the Convention), was signed in 1982 and finally entered into force in 1994 with the joint efforts of all countries around the world. The signing of the Convention marks the establishment of a new order of the law of the sea. As a first step. The provisions of the Convention are more comprehensive, The dispute settlement mechanism of the Convention is provided for in part XV of the Convention, in addition to section V of part XI of the Convention, annexes V, VI, VII, VIII to the Convention, This mechanism is based on the practice of international dispute settlement. It not only prescribes the traditional dispute settlement methods, but also makes a series of innovations, and provides a set of multiple settlement mechanisms. In recent years, disputes concerning maritime jurisdiction between China and neighbouring countries have intensified. It is urgent to explore mechanisms for the peaceful settlement of maritime disputes. In order to make full use of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and establish its own maritime management system, This paper is divided into seven parts, which are as follows:. The first part introduces the basic situation of the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea and the 1982 Convention, followed by an analysis of the "obligations for the peaceful settlement of disputes" under the Convention, It is concluded that the dispute settlement mechanism under the Convention focuses on the "peaceful settlement", and that the Contracting States have the option of settling disputes by peaceful means other than those provided for in the Convention. The second part introduces the two traditional ways of peaceful settlement of disputes: negotiation and mediation. The third part elaborates the four kinds of compulsory procedure which lead to binding judgment, through the introduction of the composition, jurisdiction scope, specific procedure and ruling of the four procedures. An overview of the application of each of the four mandatory procedures of the Convention. The fourth part elaborates the restrictions and optional exceptions of the compulsory procedure which leads to the binding judgment. This part briefly expounds all kinds of disputes which can not be applied to the compulsory procedure of the Convention. Part V emphasizes separately interim measures and prompt release procedures, which, although not directly settling disputes, play an important role in dispute settlement. In the sixth part, the author analyzes the current situation and the main problems of China's maritime dispute settlement mechanism, and puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect our country's maritime dispute settlement mechanism. Finally, it is concluded that our country should be good at using convention to solve maritime disputes, but should perfect ocean management system.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5;D823

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