全球化与不平等:欧美国家民粹浪潮成因分析

发布时间：2018-03-27 08:50

本文选题：全球化　切入点：收入不平等　出处：《社会主义研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：特朗普当选美国总统、英国脱离欧盟公投成功、意大利宪法公投遭否决、奥朗德放弃竞选连任一系列震惊世界的民粹浪潮标志性事件让2 016年成为影响世界发展的关键年,世界格局即将到来的变化和未来发展充满高度不确定性。欧美国家自2 0 0 8年金融危机以来,社会危机持续深化,这也成为民粹浪潮出现和爆发的主要动因。尽管存在失业率降低、经济增长恢复的情况,但是自上世纪七十年代延续至今收入不平等的持续扩大,生存状况迟迟无法改善,由此引发的不安全感,以及全球化导致的发达国家传统制造产业外移所引发的工人阶级和社会底层的失业,加之社会分享机制失效和政治治理能力弱化,成为今天欧美国家民粹浪潮产生、极右翼做大并选举上台的根本原因。由此,也给欧美国家内部和国际格局的发展造成了巨大影响,一个社会分裂的欧洲和美国也让我们反思历史是否真的在终结。
[Abstract]:Donald Trump's election as US president, Britain's successful referendum on Brexit from the European Union, the rejection of Italy's constitutional referendum, and Hollande's abandonment of his re-election campaign have made 2016 a crucial year for world development after a series of iconic events of populist tide that shocked the world. The forthcoming changes in the world pattern and the future development are full of high uncertainty. Since the financial crisis of 2008, the social crisis has continued to deepen in Europe and the United States. This has also been the main driver of the populist wave. Despite the decline in unemployment and the recovery of economic growth, income inequality has continued to widen since the 1970s, and the survival situation has been slow to improve. The resulting sense of insecurity and the unemployment of the working class and the bottom of society caused by the emigration of traditional manufacturing industries in developed countries as a result of globalization, coupled with the failure of social sharing mechanisms and the weakening of political governance, It has become the fundamental cause of the populist wave in Europe and the United States today, and the far-right wing has become larger and elected to power. As a result, it has also had a tremendous impact on the development of the internal and international structure of the European and American countries. A divided Europe and America also allow us to reflect on whether history is really coming to an end.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院社会学研究所;
【分类号】：D815

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