美国自贸区战略的逻辑——一种现实制度主义的解释

发布时间：2018-03-29 06:28

本文选题：现实制度主义　切入点：自由贸易协定　出处：《世界经济与政治》2015年08期

【摘要】：1985年美国和以色列签订第一个自由贸易协定(FTA)以来,FTA已经日益成为美国对外经济政策乃至整个对外战略中的重要内容。特别是在2009年之后,美国先后在亚太地区推动TPP谈判、在大西洋地区推动TTIP谈判,并在WTO框架下推动TiSA谈判,这三个谈判将重塑世界贸易格局。作者从理论折中主义汲取学术营养,试图初步构建一个现实制度主义的理论分析框架,以更有效地解释美国在过去30年里推行FTA战略的内在逻辑以及当前国际贸易体系中正在全面兴起的FTA竞争。这一理论重点阐述三个基本论点:作为一种国际制度的FTA是国际贸易体系中的区域性公共产品,各参与国都能从贸易自由化中获益;作为国际制度的FTA又能被主导国"私有化"为权力工具,以追求自身的私人目标,美国在过去30年的三个FTA谈判阶段中分别追求施压多边谈判、强化安全联盟和重建国际规则三个私人战略目标;以FTA为核心的国际制度竞争正在成为大国竞争的重要内容,国际制度竞争既是主导国权力的竞争,也是主导国供给国际公共产品的能力竞争。
[Abstract]:Since the signing of the first free trade agreement between the United States and Israel in 1985, FTAs have increasingly become an important part of the United States' foreign economic policy and even its overall foreign strategy. Especially after 2009, the United States has successively promoted TPP negotiations in the Asia-Pacific region. Promoting TTIP negotiations in the Atlantic region and TiSA negotiations under the framework of WTO will reshape the pattern of world trade. The author draws academic nourishment from the theory of eclecticism and tries to construct a theoretical analysis framework of realistic institutionalism. In order to explain more effectively the internal logic of the FTA strategy pursued by the United States in the past 30 years and the emerging FTA competition in the current international trading system, this theory focuses on three basic arguments: as an international system. FTA is a regional public product in the international trading system, Participating countries can all benefit from trade liberalization; the FTA, as an international institution, can be "privatized" by the leading countries as a tool of power in pursuit of their own private goals. In the past 30 years, the United States has pursued the three private strategic objectives of pressing multilateral negotiations, strengthening security alliances and rebuilding international rules in the past three stages of FTA negotiations. The international institutional competition with FTA as the core is becoming an important part of the competition among great powers. International institutional competition is not only the power competition of leading countries, but also the ability competition of leading countries to supply international public goods.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国际关系学院;中国国际问题研究院;
【基金】：2014年度国家社科基金项目一般项目“中美国际经济制度战略与新型大国关系研究”(批准号:14BGJ051)的部分成果
【分类号】：D871.2

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