美国21世纪“重返”东南亚的安全战略分析

发布时间：2018-03-30 20:09

本文选题：美国　切入点：重返东南亚　出处：《国防科学技术大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国的日渐衰落和中国的迅速崛起是21世纪国际政治舞台上最引人注目的重大事件。为保持世界霸主地位和维护在亚太地区的国家利益,美国推出并实施“重返”东南亚战略,对世界特别是亚太地区安全格局产生了重大影响。深入研究美国“重返”东南亚的战略背景、战略目的、战略途径、战略影响,对深化安全战略理论研究、维护世界、地区和国家安全,具有重大而深远的意义。冷战初期,随着美苏两大阵营对峙的不断升级和东南亚民族解放运动的风起云涌,美国开始介入东南亚,通过建立双边和多边军事同盟,开展军事和经济援助以及直接参与越南战争等途径,极力维护美苏在东南亚的军事平衡。越南战争失败后,美国曾经一度疏远东南亚,冷战后期由于苏联的扩张,美国再次介入东南亚与苏联争夺地区霸权。因美国对直接军事介入心存疑虑,转而采取加强双边、多边安全机制,提高军事和经济援助,积极发展经贸关系等手段加强同盟国的关系,利用盟国牵制苏联。冷战结束后,美国对东南亚的介入再度减弱。 21世纪初,美国以“911事件”为契机,开始推行以军事为先导的“重返”东南亚战略。在巩固和深化原有地区同盟关系的同时,开始参与非美国主导的地区多边安全机制,将视野从传统的军事安全向打击恐怖主义、海盗等非传统安全领域拓展,灵活运用“巧实力”外交,加强西太平洋地区的军事部署,强化了地区安全保障体系。美国战略重点的东移、东盟战略地位的提升和中国综合国力的增强,使亚太地区安全格局更趋复杂化,并对世界经济、政治、军事格局演变产生重大影响。美国三次介入东南亚,呈现出“强--弱--强”的曲折发展过程,但从总体上看,都是基于地缘政治理论的地区安全战略,都是为了遏制其战略对手,都是为了维护世界霸权和国家利益。面对美国“重返”东南亚的新挑战,中国应坚定不移地走和平发展道路,继续奉行独立自主的和平外交政策,积极维护世界、地区和国家安全。与美国既要加强战略合作,又要开展有理有利有节的斗争;与东盟继续发展政治、经济、安全等领域的广泛合作,在合作促进理解、加强互信;与负责任大国的要求相适应,大力加强国防和军队建设,深化和拓展军事斗争准备,为中华民族的伟大复兴营造良好的外部环境。
[Abstract]:The decline of the United States and the rapid rise of China are the most remarkable events on the international political stage in the 21 st century.In order to maintain the dominant position of the world and safeguard the national interests in the Asia-Pacific region, the United States has put forward and implemented the strategy of "returning" to Southeast Asia, which has had a great impact on the security pattern of the world, especially the Asia-Pacific region.It is of great and far-reaching significance to study the strategic background, strategic purpose, strategic approach and strategic influence of the "return" of the United States to Southeast Asia in order to deepen the theoretical study of security strategy and safeguard the world, region and national security.At the beginning of the Cold War, with the escalating confrontation between the two major camps of the United States and the Soviet Union and the surge of the Southeast Asian National Liberation Movement, the United States began to intervene in Southeast Asia through the establishment of bilateral and multilateral military alliances.Through military and economic assistance and direct participation in the Vietnam War, the United States and the Soviet Union strive to maintain their military balance in Southeast Asia.After the defeat of the Vietnam War, the United States once alienated Southeast Asia, and in the late Cold War, because of the expansion of the Soviet Union, the United States again intervened in Southeast Asia and fought for regional hegemony with the Soviet Union.Because the United States has misgivings about direct military intervention, it has turned to strengthening bilateral and multilateral security mechanisms, enhancing military and economic assistance, actively developing economic and trade relations, and strengthening the relations of allies, so as to use the allies to contain the Soviet Union.After the end of the cold war, American intervention in Southeast Asia weakened again.At the beginning of 21 ~ (st) century, the United States took the "911 incident" as a turning point and began to carry out the "return" strategy of Southeast Asia guided by military affairs.While consolidating and deepening the existing regional alliance relations, they began to participate in non-US-led regional multilateral security mechanisms, expanding their vision from traditional military security to non-traditional security areas such as combating terrorism, piracy, and so on.Flexible use of "skillful strength" diplomacy, strengthen military deployment in the western Pacific region, strengthen the regional security system.The shift of American strategic emphasis to the east, the promotion of ASEAN's strategic position and the enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength have complicated the security situation in the Asia-Pacific region and have a significant impact on the evolution of the world economy, politics and military structure.Three times the United States has intervened in Southeast Asia, showing a tortuous process of "strong-weak-strong-strong." but generally speaking, all of them are regional security strategies based on geopolitical theory, all in order to contain its strategic opponents.It's all about safeguarding world hegemony and national interests.In the face of the new US challenge of "returning" to Southeast Asia, China should unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development, continue to pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, and actively safeguard world, regional and national security.We will vigorously strengthen the building of national defense and the armed forces, deepen and expand preparations for military struggle, and create a favorable external environment for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2

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