晚清出使日记对西学的记载与传播（1875-1895）

发布时间：2018-04-10 20:01

本文选题：晚清 + 出使日记　；参考：《安徽师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：晚清西学东渐在中国由传统社会转向近代社会的转型中发挥了不可低估的作用。19世纪下半叶，清廷以“熟悉洋务、洞彻边防”为主要标准选拔了一批驻外公使。晚清驻外公使是近代中国较早走向世界的官员群体，由驻外公使撰写的出使日记成为晚清西学输入的途径之一。驻外公使在向国内输入西学的过程中，承担了守门人的角色。他们身处西方，各种信息纷至沓来，令人眼花缭乱。通过权衡各种信息，驻外公使保留其认为重要的西学信息，并将个人思考连同西学信息一并写入日记，这也意味着出使日记的内容不免存在“失真”现象。出使官员将日记咨送总理衙门后，总理衙门将部分日记刊刻发行，供高级官员参阅。民间知识分子或将出使日记编入丛书或在报刊上连载，使出使日记的受众大大增加。面对出使日记中丰富的西学信息，国人对西学信息的选择与解读是不同的，这与信息接受者与信息传播者之间缺乏共同的经历有关。19世纪60－90年代，西学东渐以教会和官方译书机构为主导，出使日记在西学东渐过程中的地位逐渐下降，这一方面与社会传播环境、日记内容的局限性有关，，另一方面与甲午战后西学东渐的渠道增加、国人对西学选择的不同有关。尽管如此，读者还是能从公使笔下感受到资本主义制度的活力与生机，这对打破国人的自大心理，开阔国人的文化视野有相当积极的意义。
[Abstract]:In the second half of the 19th century, the Qing government selected a number of foreign ministers on the basis of "familiar with foreign affairs and thorough border defense".The foreign minister in the late Qing Dynasty was a group of officials who went to the world earlier in modern China, and the diary of the envoy was one of the ways to input the western learning in the late Qing Dynasty.In the process of importing western learning into the country, the foreign minister assumed the role of gatekeeper.They are in the West, all kinds of information come in, dazzling.By weighing all kinds of information, the foreign minister keeps the western learning information which he thinks is important, and writes the personal thinking with the western learning information in the diary, which also means that the contents of the foreign minister's diary can not avoid the phenomenon of "distortion".Officials sent diaries to the Premier Yamen, who published part of the diary for senior officials to read.Folk intellectuals may send diaries into a series of books or in newspapers and periodicals, so that the audience greatly increased.In the face of the rich western learning information in the diary, Chinese people's choice and interpretation of western learning information is different, which is related to the lack of common experience between the information recipients and the information disseminators in the 1960-90 's of the 19th century.Western learning gradually became dominated by the church and official translation institutions, and the status of diplomatic journals in the process of western-learning eastward gradually declined. On the one hand, it was related to the social communication environment and the limitations of the contents of the diary.On the other hand, it is related to the increasing channels of western learning after the Jiawu war, and the differences in the choice of western learning among Chinese.Nevertheless, readers can still feel the vitality and vitality of the capitalist system from the works of the minister, which is of great significance to break the arrogance of the Chinese people and broaden their cultural horizons.
【学位授予单位】：安徽师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K256;D829

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