霸权利益视角下美国的东亚一体化政策立场研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 22:16

本文选题：美国 + 霸权　；参考：《四川外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从理论上讲,霸权国对特定地区一体化实践的政策立场主要有支持、反对和中立三种,反映在具体的行动上则表现出介入和不介入两种方式。支持或反对的力度越强则介入越深,中立表现为不介入。至于霸权国具体采取何种政策立场则取决于霸权国与某个地区整体实力的对比、霸权国与地区一体化主导国的关系、以及霸权国是否存在被该地区边缘化的风险等三大因素。其中,第三个因素是最直接的影响因子。也就是说,当霸权国感到自身被某个地区边缘化的现实或潜在风险时,无论其是否具备国力优势,抑或与主导国的关系亲疏,霸权国都将对该地区的一体化进程持反对立场。而在不存在上述风险的情况下,霸权国则可能采取支持或中立的立场。这又取决于霸权国国力优势或劣势以及霸权国与地区主导国之间的关系状态。美国对东亚一体化不同政策立场的表现反映出了美国与东亚国家霸权与反霸权的博弈,其根本原因在于护持美国在东亚地区的霸权利益。在以东亚经济集团为构想的东亚一体化的前奏阶段(1990—1996年),由于东亚经济集团所具有的明显排美性促使美国强烈反对东亚的内向型合作,美国通过加强对亚太经合组织的主导和控制的方式介入东亚一体化。在以“10+3”合作机制为轴心的东亚一体化的起步阶段(1997—2008年),在开放的地区主义原则下承认美国在该地区的重要性,进而避免了美国被该地区边缘化的风险,此外美国在东亚地区的国力优势使美国与地区主导国继续保持着有利于美国的非对等关系,所以美国对这一时期的东亚一体化采取了比较模糊政策立场。在东亚一体化的深化阶段(2009—至今),东亚国家将“东亚共同体”确立为地区合作的目标,该地区仍然奉行开放的地区主义原则,这一时期美国与东亚整体实力的对比有利于后者,美国与地区主导国关系朝着愈加对等的方向发展。但由于对东亚共同体概念的不同理解,美国对“10+3”、“10+6”、“10+8”模式下的东亚共同体采取了不同的政策立场。总的来说,美国对将美国排除在外的东亚共同体持反对立场,对将美国包括在内的东亚共同体则可能采取支持的立场。
[Abstract]:Theoretically speaking, hegemonic countries mainly support the policy position of the practice of regional integration, oppose and neutral, reflected in the concrete actions show two ways of intervention and non-intervention. The stronger the support or opposition, the more deeply involved, neutral performance is non-intervention. What kind of policy position the hegemonic state takes depends on the comparison between the hegemonic power and the regional overall strength, the relationship between the hegemonic state and the leading country of regional integration, and whether the hegemonic country has the risk of being marginalized by the region. The third factor is the most direct factor. That is to say, when hegemonic countries feel the reality or potential risk of being marginalized by a certain region, no matter whether they have the advantage of national strength or not, or whether they are close to the leading countries, the hegemonic countries will take a stand against the integration process of the region. In the absence of such risks, hegemonic powers may take a supportive or neutral stance. This depends on the strengths or weaknesses of hegemonic powers and the relationship between hegemonic and regional leading powers. The expression of different policy positions of the United States on East Asian integration reflects the game between the United States and the East Asian countries' hegemony and anti-hegemony power, and the fundamental reason is to protect the hegemonic interests of the United States in the East Asian region. In the prelude to East Asian integration conceived by the East Asian Economic Group (EEA), the United States strongly opposed the introverted cooperation in East Asia because of the obvious attraction of the East Asian Economic Group. The United States is involved in East Asian integration by strengthening its leadership and control over APEC. In the initial stage of East Asian integration, based on the "103" mechanism of cooperation, in 1997-2008, the importance of the United States in the region was recognized under the principle of open regionalism, thereby avoiding the risk of the marginalization of the United States in the region, In addition, the advantage of the United States in East Asia makes the United States and regional leading countries continue to maintain a non-reciprocal relationship in favor of the United States, so the United States has taken a rather vague policy position on East Asian integration in this period. In the deepening stage of East Asian integration, East Asian countries established "East Asian Community" as the goal of regional cooperation, and the region still adheres to the principle of open regionalism. In this period, the comparison of the overall strength between the United States and East Asia was beneficial to the latter, and the relationship between the United States and the leading countries in the region developed in the direction of more equality. However, due to the different understanding of the concept of East Asian Community, the United States has adopted different policy positions on the East Asian Community under the model of "103", "106" and "108". Overall, the United States is opposed to the East Asian Community, which excludes the United States, while the East Asian Community, which includes the United States, may take a supportive position.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2;D831

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