“门户开放”视角下的美国对华政策

发布时间：2018-04-26 21:30

本文选题：门户开放 + 美国　；参考：《西北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：文章主要分析的是从1899年“门户开放”照会的提出至《九国公约》的签订期间，美国对华“门户开放”政策的演变和发展过程。第一章论述美国威廉麦金莱政府执政时期，在帝国主义列强意欲瓜分中国时，美国政府基于自身实力和国内外形势的发展，于1899年和1900年两次向各主要帝国主义列强发出“门户开放”照会，并最终确立了美国处理对华关系的两大基本原则，即“机会均等”和“保全中国”。第二章论述了从“门户开放”照会发表至清帝退位期间，美国政府对华“门户开放”政策的实施情况。包括西奥多罗斯福和威廉塔夫脱两届总统执政时期，，美国和俄、日两国争夺中国东北以及威廉塔夫脱总统在华实行“金元外交”的情况。分析美国在实施对华“门户开放”政策时受到的制约因素。第三章论述在伍德罗威尔逊总统执政时期，日本侵华步伐加速欲独霸中国。美日之间关于“门户开放”与“特殊利益”之间的矛盾凸显，以及威尔逊总统利用“理想主义”的外交手段应对日本对美国“门户开放”政策的全面挑战，但在现实面前，威尔逊的“理想”被击得粉碎。第四章论述华盛顿会议期间，美国“门户开放”原则得到了国际认同。一战后，由于美日在远东地区的矛盾加剧，美国在华盛顿会议上利用国际条约从政治、军事等方面遏制日本。通过与会各国签署《九国公约》，使“门户开放”原则为列强承认和接受。“门户开放”政策的实施达到了巅峰。
[Abstract]:The article mainly analyzes the evolution and development of the "open door" policy of the United States to China during the period from the presentation of the "Open door" note in 1899 to the signing of the "Convention of Nine". The first chapter discusses the development of the American government based on its own strength and the situation at home and abroad during the period of William McKinley's administration, when the imperialist powers intended to carve up China. In 1899 and 1900, two notes of "open doors" were sent to the major imperialist powers, and the two basic principles of American relations with China, namely, "equal opportunity" and "preservation of China", were finally established. The second chapter discusses the implementation of the "open door" policy of the US government to China during the period from the publication of the "Open door" note to the abdication of Qing Emperor. Including the two presidents of Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft, the United States, Russia and Japan fought for the northeast of China, and President William Taft carried out "gold and yuan diplomacy" in China. This paper analyzes the restrictive factors that the United States faces when it implements the "open door" policy to China. The third chapter discusses that in the period of President Woodrow Wilson, the pace of Japanese aggression against China accelerated to dominate China. The contradiction between the United States and Japan about the "open door" and "special interests" and President Wilson's use of "idealistic" diplomatic means to deal with the overall challenge of Japan's "open door" policy to the United States are highlighted, but in the face of reality, Wilson's ideal was shattered. The fourth chapter states that during the Washington Conference, the "open door" principle of the United States gained international recognition. After World War I, due to the intensification of conflicts between the United States and Japan in the far East, the United States used international treaties in Washington to contain Japan politically and militarily. Through the signing of the Nine-Nation Convention by participating countries, the principle of "open door" was recognized and accepted by the great powers. The implementation of the open door policy reached its peak.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

【参考文献】