冷战后美国对华人权外交研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 16:48

本文选题：冷战后 + 美国　；参考：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国和美国是世界两个大国，两国在政治、经济、军事和文化诸多方面进行合作，在国际舞台上发挥不可代替的作用。人权问题一直是中美之间比较敏感而且也较为重要的话题之一。因此，研究美国对华人权外交及其影响，对处理中美关于人权问题上的分歧，促进中美两国关系的健康发展具有重要意义。人权外交是美国对外政策的重要组成部分。冷战时期，，美国总统卡特在20世纪70年代正式提出“人权外交”。从此，人权外交成为美国各届政府经常使用来达到不同政治与经济目的的工具。冷战后，虽然老布什政府、克林顿政府、小布什政府和奥巴马政府采取了不同的做法，但是人权问题始终是影响中美关系的一个基本因素。冷战后美国对华人权外交主要集中在公民的人身自由权利、公民政治自由、宗教自由和少数民族问题、妇女儿童权益问题等问题上。美国对华人权外交，首先是要满足美国全球战略调整的需要，美国企图把中国纳入以美国为首的西方制度阵营，实现资本主义一统天下；其次是推行美国的价值观念和文化传统，美国自认为本国的价值观和文化传统是世界最先进、最优越的，中国应该效仿、追逐；再次是美国国内各种政治势力的综合推动作用，包括美国国内舆论的影响以及一些利益集团的影响。美国对华人权外交的本质是遏制中国的崛起、西化中国，维护美国的霸权地位。美国对华人权外交对中美之间造成了很大的影响，不仅使两国的正常外交关系受到破坏，而且还使两国的合作受阻。美国对华人权外交增加了中美关系的紧张感，导致两国彼此猜疑，不信任对方，这对于中美关系未来的发展受到了严重的损害。随着全球化的进程，伴随着中美之间的共同利益的增多及国际社会对中国人权状况的日益认可，人权问题在中美关系的影响将有所减弱，但是美国利用人权问题干涉中国内政的政策不会改变，美国对华人权外交将是长期的。在应对美国对华人权外交的策略上，中国应该积极改善中国国内的人权，加强与国际社会的人权沟通与相互借鉴，向国际社会展示中国人权改善的成果。中国和美国两国为了在人权问题上减少彼此的冲突和矛盾，坚持相互平等原则和相互尊重的原则。
[Abstract]:China and the United States are two big powers in the world. The two countries cooperate in political, economic, military and cultural fields and play an irreplaceable role on the international stage. The issue of human rights has always been one of the more sensitive and important topics between China and the United States. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the human rights diplomacy and its influence of the United States to deal with the differences between China and the United States on the issue of human rights and to promote the healthy development of the relations between China and the United States. Human rights diplomacy is an important part of American foreign policy. During the Cold War, American President Carter formally proposed "human rights diplomacy" in the 1970 s. Since then, human rights diplomacy has often been used by American governments to achieve different political and economic goals. After the Cold War, although the Bush administration, the Clinton administration, the younger Bush administration and the Obama administration adopted different approaches, the human rights issue has always been a basic factor affecting Sino-US relations. After the Cold War, the United States' human rights diplomacy with China mainly focused on the personal freedom of citizens, civil political freedom, religious freedom and minority issues, women's and children's rights and interests, and so on. The human rights diplomacy of the United States to China is to meet the need of the global strategic adjustment of the United States, and the United States is trying to bring China into the camp of western institutions headed by the United States to realize the domination of capitalism. The second is to promote the values and cultural traditions of the United States. The United States believes that its own values and cultural traditions are the most advanced and superior in the world. China should follow suit and pursue them. Again, it is the comprehensive promotion role of various political forces in the United States. Including the impact of public opinion in the United States and some interest groups. The essence of American human rights diplomacy with China is to contain the rise of China, to westernize China and to maintain the hegemonic position of the United States. The United States' human rights diplomacy with China has had a great impact on the relationship between China and the United States, which not only undermines the normal diplomatic relations between the two countries, but also impedes the cooperation between the two countries. U.S. human rights diplomacy with China has increased tensions between China and the United States, leading to suspicion and distrust of each other, which has seriously damaged the future development of Sino-US relations. With the process of globalization, with the increase of common interests between China and the United States and the increasing recognition of the human rights situation in China by the international community, the impact of human rights issues on Sino-US relations will be weakened. However, the United States' policy of using human rights issues to interfere in China's internal affairs will not change, and the United States' human rights diplomacy with China will be long term. In response to the United States' human rights diplomacy with China, China should actively improve human rights in China, strengthen human rights communication and mutual reference with the international community, and show the achievements of China's human rights improvement to the international community. In order to reduce their conflicts and contradictions on human rights issues, China and the United States adhere to the principle of equality and mutual respect.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

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