中国对印度与巴基斯坦的外交政策

发布时间：2018-05-05 23:39

本文选题：南亚 + 中印关系　；参考：《中共中央党校》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 中国对印巴的外交政策可以分为三个层面:在中国与印巴两国关系层面,中国是否与印巴平衡发展友好关系;在印巴关系层面,是否希望印巴友好;在印巴冲突层面,印巴冲突时是否持中立、公正的立场。本文首先分三个阶段回顾了中国与印巴关系的政策历史线索。第一部分(20世纪50年代)中立,中国与印巴同时发展友好关系;希望印巴友好;在印巴冲突中持中立公正的立场,在克什米尔问题上主张双方和平协商解决。第二部分(1962年至冷战结束)介入,在国家关系层面,中国与印度交恶、与巴基斯坦友好;在印巴关系中支持巴基斯坦反对印度,在印巴冲突或者战争中,完全站在巴基斯坦一边;在克什米尔问题上,支持巴基斯坦的要求。第三部分为冷战后中国重回20世纪50年代的中立政策,并在中立的基础上积极劝和。在这一阶段,中国积极与印巴平衡发展关系;希望印巴友好;在印巴争端中奉行中立政策,并利用自身的影响,在印巴之间积极促和。作者认为,中国对印巴的政策体现在具有重大影响的历史事件当中。因此,本文挑取印巴关系中发生的几次具有重大影响的历史事件,来作为检验作者所概括的中国的政策目标。本论文共分六章。第一章主要介绍了印巴冲突的三大根源,分别是印巴分治、克什米尔问题与印度的大国情结。第二章主要介绍20世纪50年代中国的南亚政策。在这一时期,中国在印巴之间奉行的是中立政策,并与印巴同时友好。第三章论述了中国南亚政策的调整。其中1959年西藏叛乱是中国南亚政策的转折点,1962年中印边界战争之后中国完全转变了中立政策,开始介入印巴争端,并支持巴基斯坦反对印度。第四章以1965年与1971年印巴两次战争为例,来论证中国实行的是介入政策。在这两次印巴战争中,中国完全站在巴基斯坦一边反对印度,并通过向巴基斯坦提供经济与军事援助来维持印巴均衡。第五章论述了随着国际形势的发展以及中国国家发展战略的转变,中国重新在印巴之间执行中立政策,平衡发展与印巴的关系,并在印巴之间积极促和。在总结以往对印巴政策历史经验的基础上,最后一部分对将来的中国对印巴的政策提出了粗浅的建议,即在印巴之间,奉行中立并积极促和的政策最为符合中国的国家利益。具体政策表现为,中国在确保与巴基斯坦的传统友谊的基础上,与印度同时发展友好关系,在印巴争端中奉行中立并积极促和的立场,力争避免卷入印巴争端,同时积极促进南亚次大陆的和平与稳定。文中最后也为中国在如果印巴再次爆发战争时采取何种措施提出了一些不算成熟的建议。
[Abstract]:China's foreign policy towards India and Pakistan can be divided into three levels: at the level of relations between China and India and Pakistan, whether China will develop friendly relations with India and Pakistan in a balanced manner; at the level of India-Pakistan relations, whether China wishes to have a friendly relationship with India and Pakistan; and at the level of the India-Pakistan conflict, Whether or not India-Pakistan conflict is neutral and impartial. This paper first reviews the historical clues of China's relations with India-Pakistan in three stages. The first part is neutral, China and India and Pakistan develop friendly relations at the same time; hope that India and Pakistan friendly; hold a neutral and impartial position in the India-Pakistan conflict, and advocate a peaceful settlement of the Kashmir issue. The second part (from 1962 to the end of the Cold War) is involved. At the level of state relations, China is hostile to India and friendly to Pakistan. In India-Pakistan relations, it supports Pakistan against India, in the India-Pakistan conflict or in war. Fully on Pakistan's side; on Kashmir, support Pakistan's demands. The third part is the return of China's neutral policy in the 1950s after the Cold War, and actively advised China to make peace on the basis of neutrality. At this stage, China actively developed relations with India and Pakistan in a balanced manner; hoped that India and Pakistan would be friendly; and pursued a policy of neutrality in the dispute between India and Pakistan, and used its own influence to actively promote peace between India and Pakistan. The author believes that China's policy towards India and Pakistan is reflected in historical events with great influence. Therefore, this paper selects several important historical events in the India-Pakistan relationship as the test of China's policy objectives as summarized by the author. This thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the three root causes of the India-Pakistan conflict, namely, the partition of India and Pakistan, the Kashmir issue and the Indian complex of great powers. The second chapter mainly introduces China's South Asia policy in the 1950's. During this period, China pursued a neutral policy between India and Pakistan and was friendly with India and Pakistan at the same time. The third chapter discusses the adjustment of China's South Asia policy. The Tibet rebellion in 1959 was the turning point of China's South Asia policy. After the Sino-Indian border war in 1962, China completely changed its neutrality policy, began to intervene in the India-Pakistan dispute and supported Pakistan's opposition to India. The fourth chapter takes the two wars between India and Pakistan in 1965 and 1971 as an example to prove that China implements the policy of intervention. In both wars, China stood with Pakistan against India and maintained a balance between India and Pakistan by providing economic and military aid to Pakistan. The fifth chapter discusses that with the development of international situation and the transformation of China's national development strategy, China has re-implemented the neutral policy between India and Pakistan, balanced the development of the relationship between India and Pakistan, and actively promoted peace between India and Pakistan. On the basis of summing up the historical experience of the past policy towards India and Pakistan, the last part puts forward some superficial suggestions on the future policy of China towards India and Pakistan, that is, between India and Pakistan, it is most in line with the national interests of China to pursue a policy of neutrality and positive peace. The concrete policy is that China, on the basis of ensuring its traditional friendship with Pakistan, has developed friendly relations with India at the same time, pursued a neutral and active position of promoting peace in the India-Pakistan dispute, and endeavoured to avoid involvement in the India-Pakistan dispute. At the same time, actively promote peace and stability in the South Asian subcontinent. At the end of the paper, some immature suggestions are made on what China should do if the war between India and Pakistan breaks out again.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D822.3

【引证文献】