日本对华政策（1952-1972）转变期间民间因素的影响评析

发布时间：2018-05-16 20:24

本文选题：民间因素 + 日本　；参考：《华东师范大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 二战结束后,中日关系经历了艰难曲折的发展历程,直到1972年才最终实现了邦交正常化。尽管学术界对中日复交时期两国关系史的研究已经相当深入,但迄今为止未见系统总结这一阶段影响日本对华决策的民间因素的文章问世,为此,本文试图做一尝试。本文提出,虽然“民间外交理论应用于中日关系”的提法出自中国,但是日本方面同样存在着这样一类来自民间的群体,为推动中日关系正常化做出了不懈地努力。他们不代表官方,人数由少到多,力量由弱到强,是日本方面中日复交的动力来源和社会基础,在影响政府对华决策的方面发挥出不可替代的重要作用。在民间因素的影响下,日本政府虽然没有改变既定的对华方针,但逐渐增加了政府对中日民间交往的干预程度。随着对华友好的民间因素的力量不断壮大,中日复交的社会舆论压力不断增加。当中美接近的催化剂一旦出现,日本政府便迅速做出了早于美国与中国实现关系正常化的重大选择。因此,不论是在中日邦交正常化时期,还是在全球化的影响遍及世界各个角落的今天,都不能忽视来自日本民间的,追求中日友好和世界和平的这股非官方力量的存在。另外,本文的研究视角之所以定位在民间因素对政府决策的影响上,是因为民间交往在中日两国关系发展的历史、现在和将来都发挥着举足轻重的作用,特别是在二战之后至中日邦交正常化之前这一历史阶段民间因素发挥的独特作用尤其值得重视。通过对这一时期影响日本政府对华决策的民间因素的考察,不仅有助于理清两国关系发展的历史,而且有助于把握冷战后中日关系发展的前景,从而进一步促进两国之间未来的交流与合作。与此同时,随着全球化进程的日益加剧和市民社会作用的不断增大,民间外交的地位和作用也将越益突出。通过加强民间交流,提升合作水平,将成为改善周边国家间关系或区域关系的主要途径。导论部分主要阐述了论文的选题宗旨、国内外研究现状及文献综述、研究目标和方法、相关概念解析和论文研究的新意所在。第一章和第二章,是论文的理论演绎和背景分析部分,为下文展开作铺垫。第一章是基本理论演绎部分。先从日本外交决策模式的分析入手,概述冷战时期日本对华政策的主要特点,考察民间因素影响政府对华决策、推动中日关系发展的原因。第二章主要分析了亚洲地区冷战格局的形成对中日关系发展造成的影响。首先,旧金山和约的签订断绝了中日官方交往的渠道,但日本在承认台湾为合法中国政府的同时,仍希望保持同中国大陆的经济关系,于是形成了“政经分离”的对华政策。在这一背景下,日本民间人士和民间团体成为维持与中国联系的渠道和发展中日友好关系的主要力量。第三章至第五章,论文以历史发展为线索,阐述各个历史时期民间因素对形成日本对华决策的影响。第三章首先分析20世纪50年代日本政府四任内阁的对华政策以及中日两国民间贸易往来的实践情况。接下来以经济界为对象,考察民间因素在这一历史时期以何种形式影响了日本的对华决策,起到怎样的作用。第四章主要阐述20世纪60年代日本“政经分离”对华政策的发展和濒临失效过程。20世纪60年代初,日本政府认识到完全抛开政治关系而发展中日贸易的局限,进一步加强了对中日贸易的政府参与程度。在这一历史时期,自民党内的松村谦三集团登上历史舞台,他们主要以非官方或民间人身份开展对华活动,以间接和直接两种方式影响政府的对华决策。20世纪60年代后期“政经不可分”与“政经分离”的论战加剧,消极的对华政策不断受到挑战,日本国内逐渐形成了恢复中日邦交的社会基础。第五章主要分析1970年-1972年日本对华政策的转变及其中日复交过程。这一时期两国面临的国际背景与战后初期相比发生了巨大改变,中美接近等国际缓和的总体背景对日本对华政策的转变起到巨大影响。在日本国内,经济界团体、大众舆论、在野党和松村谦三集团形成了推动中日邦交正常化的民间力量的联合行动,也对政府转变消极对华政策形成了巨大压力。在这些因素的综合作用下,中日两国于1972年9月29日终于实现了邦交正常化。从第六章和第七章打破了前文历史分期的界限,转为进行专题研究。第六章主要分析日本的各类民间因素在各个历史时期的活动特点。中日之间恢复外交关系,不同于他国由两国政府通过外交谈判的途径解决,而是通过民间或半官半民的方式首先提升两国交往层次,待时机成熟再由民间外交转为官方外交,是一个水到渠成的过程。在这一章节里,首先考察了民间因素的主体特点,其次对各民间主体发挥作用的阶段特征和效果进行评估,从整体上把握民间因素对日本对华决策的影响。第七章对民间因素发挥作用的模式进行分析。主要分为间接影响方式和直接影响方式两种,间接影响方式又称为体制外方式,通过与中国签订经济协定、访华、在媒体发表社论等形式不断壮大中日复交的社会基础,给政府的对华决策造成一定压力,这是这一历史时期民间因素发挥作用的主要途径。其次还有直接影响方式,主要松村谦三集团等自民党政治家和在野党在决策层内部通过对决策主体谏言、批判错误的对华行动等方式,对转变对华政策施加直接的影响,但这一方式起到的作用非常有限。论文的最后部分是结语,分析民间因素对中日关系发展的作用和影响,以及全球化时代民间因素影响政府外交的发展趋势。
[Abstract]:Since the end of World War II, Sino Japanese relations have experienced a difficult and tortuous course of development until the normalization of diplomatic relations until 1972. Although the academic circles have been quite deep in the study of the history of relations between the two countries in the period of the Sino Japanese reunion, there has not been a systematic summary of the folklore factors affecting the Japanese decision to China. This article attempts to make an attempt. This article puts forward that although the "civil diplomacy theory applied to Sino Japanese relations" is derived from China, the Japanese side also has such a kind of group from the folk, making unremitting efforts to promote the normalization of Sino Japanese relations. They do not represent the official, the number is less to more, the strength from weak to strong, is the day. The power source and social basis of the Sino Japanese return to China play an irreplaceable and irreplaceable role in influencing the government's decision to China. Under the influence of the folk factors, the government has gradually increased the government's interference with China and Japan, although the government has not changed the policy towards China. The Japanese government has quickly made a major choice to normalize relations between the United States and China as soon as the United States and the United States come closer. Therefore, in the period of normalization between China and Japan, the influence of globalization is spread throughout the world. Today, we must not ignore the existence of this unofficial power from the Japanese people in pursuit of Sino Japanese friendship and world peace.
In addition, the point of view of this study is to determine the influence of Folk Factors on government decision-making, because folk communication plays an important role in the history of Sino Japanese relations, especially the unique role of Folk Factors in this historical stage, especially before the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan after the second world war. It is particularly worth paying attention to. Through the investigation of the folk factors that affect the Japanese government's decision to China in this period, it will not only help to clarify the history of the development of the relations between the two countries, but also help to grasp the prospects for the development of Sino Japanese relations after the cold war, and further promote the future exchange and cooperation between the two countries. At the same time, with the process of globalization, the process of globalization is further promoted. As the increasing role of the civil society increases, the status and role of the civil diplomacy will become more and more prominent. By strengthening folk exchanges and enhancing the level of cooperation, it will become the main way to improve the relations between the neighboring countries or the regional relations.
The introduction part mainly expounds the purpose of the thesis, the research status and literature review at home and abroad, the research goals and methods, the new meaning of the related concept analysis and the research of the paper.
The first chapter and the second chapter are the theoretical deduction and background analysis of the thesis, laying the groundwork for the following.
The first chapter is the deductive part of the basic theory. First, from the analysis of the Japanese diplomatic decision-making model, the main characteristics of the Japanese policy to China during the cold war period are summarized, and the reasons for the influence of the civil factors on the government's decision to China and the development of the Sino Japanese relations are investigated.
The second chapter mainly analyzes the influence of the formation of the cold war pattern in Asia on the development of Sino Japanese relations. First, the signing of the San Francisco peace treaty has severed the channels for the official exchanges between China and Japan. However, while recognizing Taiwan as the legitimate Chinese government, Japan still hopes to maintain its economic relations with the Chinese mainland, thus forming a "separation of political and economic". Against this background, Japanese folk and non-governmental organizations have become the channels to maintain contacts with China and the main force to develop friendly relations between China and Japan.
From the third chapter to the fifth chapter, the paper takes historical development as a clue to explain the influence of Folk Factors in different historical periods on Japan's decision making in China.
The third chapter first analyzes the policy of the four cabinet of Japanese government to China in 1950s and the practice of Chinese and Japanese civil trade exchanges. Then, taking the economic circle as the object, this paper examines what form the folk factors have played on Japan's decision to China in this historical period and how it plays a role.
The fourth chapter mainly expounds the development and the endangered process of the "political and economic separation" to China in 1960s and the early 60s of the.20 century. The Japanese government realized the limitation of the development of Sino Japanese trade and further strengthened the government participation in China Japan trade. The three group of modesty is on the stage of history. They mainly carry out their activities to China with non official or folk identity. In the indirect and direct two ways, they affect the government's decision to China. The controversy over the "political and economic separation" and "political and economic separation" intensified in the late 60s of the.20 century. The social basis for the resumption of Sino Japanese diplomatic relations.
The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the transformation of Japan's policy towards China in -1972 in 1970 and the process of Japanese reunion in Japan. The international background of the two countries has changed greatly in this period, compared with the early postwar period. The overall background of international easing between China and the United States has a great impact on the change of Japan's policy towards China. Public opinion, the opposition party and the Matsumura Mi group formed a joint action to promote the normalization of China and Japan. It also made great pressure on the government to change the policy of negative China. Under these factors, China and Japan finally realized the normalization of diplomatic relations in September 29, 1972.
From the sixth chapter and the seventh chapter, we break the boundary of the foregoing historical division and turn it into a thematic study.
The sixth chapter mainly analyzes the characteristics of the activities of various Japanese Folk Factors in various historical periods. The restoration of diplomatic relations between China and Japan is different from the ways in which the two countries are negotiated through diplomatic negotiations by the two governments, but first to promote the exchanges between the two countries through the folk or semi official half of the people. In this chapter, the main characteristics of the folk factors are first examined. Secondly, the characteristics and effects of the civil subjects are evaluated, and the influence of the Folk Factors on the decision making of Japan to China is grasped as a whole.
The seventh chapter analyzes the mode of the function of the folk factors. It is divided into two kinds of indirect influence mode and direct influence mode. The indirect influence mode is also known as the outside system. Through the signing of the economic agreement with China, visiting China and publishing the editorials in the media, the social basis of Zhuang Dazhong's daily return to the government is made to the government's decision to China. To make certain pressure, this is the main way to play the role of the folk factors in this historical period. Secondly, there are direct influence ways. The main Matsumura Mi group, such as the Liberal Democratic Party politicians and the opposition party, remondled the decision-making body within the decision-making level, criticized the wrong actions against China and so on, and exerted direct influence on the transformation of China's policy to China. This approach has a very limited role.
The last part of the thesis is the conclusion, which analyzes the role and influence of Folk Factors on the development of Sino Japanese relations, as well as the influence of Folk Factors on the development trend of government diplomacy in the era of globalization.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D829.313

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