印度地方势力参与外交决策研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 04:11

本文选题：外交决策 + 印度外交　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：印度地方势力是印度外交决策中的重要参与者。根据其参与的频次和对外交决策最终影响力的大小,可以将参与历程粗略地划分为两个时期。在前一时期,国大党一党独大,外交决策权被牢牢掌控在总理手中,很难看到包括地方势力在内的其他参与者的身影;后一时期,印度进入执政联盟时代,分权现象成为印度政治的主流,外交决策亦出现参与主体多元化的发展趋势,地方势力的影响力也在这一趋势变化中日益显现。推动上述转变的积极因素主要来自四个方面。首先,冷战结束与国际制度的不断发展,给地方势力的参与创造了良好的外部环境;其次,印度大部分邦都与邻国接壤,存在天然的跨境联系;再次,印度经济体制改革后,地方融入国际社会的程度迅速加深,对外交往的意愿快速提高;最后,国内政治权力格局发生改变,为地方势力赋予了更大的参与能力。与地方高涨的参与热情相反的是,中央政府提供的制度化参与途径供给不足。面对地方的参与需求,中央政府似乎并不积极。那些为缓解中央地方关系的机制要么被闲置,要么只局限于经贸投资等议题,而对地方势力的其他重大关切领域没有过多涉及。因此,在当前外交决策参与制度缺位的情况下,非制度化的参与途径依然保持着生机。并且在未来可预见的一段时期里,它仍将是地方势力的主要参与途径。尽管有时地方势力对外交决策的影响已不可忽视,但我们同样不能高估其作用。一是中央政府在外交决策中的主导地位受到多重因素的保障,地方势力短期内无力突破。二是地方势力大多只关心自己本地区的事务,在与中央政府讨价还价的过程中往往各自为战,势单力薄;三是地方势力的参与具有偶发性,无法对外交决策持续输出影响。总之,尽管地方势力的对外交决策的影响力呈上升趋势,但印度最终还是要由印度的国家利益决定。地方势力的影响力既不能忽视,但也不应高估。
[Abstract]:Indian local forces are important participants in India's diplomatic decisions. According to the frequency of its participation and its influence on diplomatic decision-making, the process of participation can be roughly divided into two periods. In the previous period, with the Congress party dominating the single party and the foreign policy making power firmly in the hands of the prime minister, it was very difficult to see other participants, including local forces. In the latter period, India entered the era of governing coalition. The phenomenon of decentralization has become the mainstream of Indian politics, the foreign policy has also appeared the development trend of the pluralism of the participating subjects, and the influence of the local forces has also become increasingly apparent in the change of this trend. The positive factors that drive these changes come mainly from four aspects. First, the end of the Cold War and the continuous development of the international system have created a good external environment for the participation of local forces; secondly, most of the Indian states are bordering neighbouring countries, and there are natural cross-border links. Thirdly, after the reform of the Indian economic system, The degree of local integration into the international community rapidly deepened, and the willingness to communicate with foreign countries increased rapidly. Finally, the domestic political power pattern changed, giving the local forces greater ability to participate. Contrary to the local enthusiasm for participation, the central government does not provide enough institutional means of participation. In the face of local demand for participation, the central government does not seem to be active. Mechanisms to ease central-local relations are either idle or limited to issues such as economic and trade investment without much focus on other major areas of concern to local forces. Therefore, in the absence of diplomatic decision-making participation system, the non-institutional way of participation remains alive. And in the foreseeable future, it will remain the main avenue for local forces to participate. While sometimes the influence of local forces on diplomatic decisions cannot be ignored, neither can we overestimate their role. First, the central government's dominant position in foreign policy decisions is protected by multiple factors, and local forces are unable to break through in the short term. Second, most of the local forces only care about their own affairs in their own region, and in the process of bargaining with the central government, they often go to war on their own, and their own strength is weak; third, the participation of the local forces is accidental and can not continuously influence diplomatic decisions. In short, while the influence of local forces on foreign policy is on the rise, India ultimately depends on its national interests. The influence of local forces cannot be ignored, but it should not be overestimated.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D835.1

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