中非合作关系的发展与前景

发布时间：2018-05-29 06:00

本文选题：中国 + 非洲　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国作为世界舞台上最大的发展中国家,自始至终奉行和平共处的外交原则,以南南合作为重要发展目标。在此基础上,中国和非洲国家开启了合作的大门。回首几十年的合作历程,虽有曲折但是整体发展平稳。中国和非洲业已形成了互相依赖的合作伙伴关系,中非合作也具有了稳定的机制——中非合作论坛—部长级会议。中非关系是二战后建立起来的一种新型的国际关系,以“平等互惠”为主要特点。中国和非洲有共同的历史和发展目标成为合作的基础；中国致力于践行其和平发展战略,其所坚持的尊重主权、相互尊重、平等等原则成为发展中非合作关系的前提；在贸易和投资方面以互惠为目标成为二者合作的最有力保障。不仅如此,中国不带任何附加条件慷慨援助非洲,特别是在农业生产、基础设施建设、人员培训、债务减免方面的政策深得非洲人民之心。中非关系最早可追溯于上世纪50年代的万隆会议,自此之后中国积极促进与非洲发展友好的合作关系。非洲国家自然资源丰富,成为各大国势力竞逐的战略要地,而这种竞争关系客观上使非洲受益。中国在非洲大陆上也有利益需求,特别是能源和经济贸易方面。除此之外,中非合作还体现在卫生合作、军事合作以及基础设施建设方面。中国与非洲的合作同西方大国不同,以平等为基础的合作使得非洲国家对中国的期待远胜于其他国家。中非关系虽然得到了长足的发展,但是问题与矛盾同样存在。从中国方面看,存在援助项目不切实际、缺乏环境评估、经济驰援遭遇法律瓶颈、假冒伪劣商品时现、援助层级单一等问题。从非洲角度来看,存在着政局不稳、经济结构单一、对中国认识以及援资利用等种种问题。如果不能得以解决,从长远来看不利于中国在非洲的投资和发展。尽管如此,中国和非洲二者对彼此的战略需求仍然是合作关系得以发展的主要动力。特别是,“中非合作论坛”这一合作机制的形成,使得中国和非洲在许多问题上能够进行深入对话,增加互信。新的世纪,中非外交关系也面临三大转变：从官方外交扩展到民间外交；从精英外交扩展到大众外交；从双边外交扩展到多边外交。这种转变给中非关系进一步发展提供了机遇,但也有不少挑战。因此,需要双方将眼光放远,着重于长远的良好发展。中国不仅同整体的非洲合作关系密切,同单个非洲国家的友好、合作关系也在不断发展。以毛里塔尼亚为例,中毛双方的关系得到了加强。毛里塔尼亚是中国重要的石油、化工原料、矿物资源进口国,双方共同投资的港口更为中国的远洋运输提供了极大便利。中国是毛里塔尼亚发展经济、建设现代化国家、获得物资、技术援助的强大依靠,中毛关系的和谐稳定为毛里塔尼亚走出困境、继续现代化建设提供了保障。自1967年建交之后,中毛双方不遗余力地开展文化、卫生、体育、教育方面的交流。近几年来,两国政府签订了一系列协定并在一系列外交意愿上多次沟通,双方关系平稳发展。
[Abstract]:China, as the largest developing country on the world stage, adheres to the diplomatic principles of peaceful coexistence from beginning to end and South South cooperation as an important development goal. On this basis, China and African countries have opened the door to cooperation. China Africa cooperation has also had a stable mechanism - the China Africa Cooperation Forum - Ministerial Conference.
The relationship between China and Africa is a new type of international relationship established after World War II, with "equality and reciprocity" as the main feature. China and Africa have common history and development goals as the basis for cooperation; China is committed to the practice of its peaceful development strategy, and its adheres to the principles of respect for sovereignty, mutual respect, equality and other principles are the cooperation between China and Africa. The premise of the relationship; reciprocity in trade and investment as the most powerful guarantee for the cooperation of the two. Not only that, China's generous assistance to Africa without any additional conditions, especially in agricultural production, infrastructure construction, personnel training, and debt relief, is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people of Africa.
The relationship between China and Africa can be traced back to the Bandung Conference in 50s of last century. Since then, China has actively promoted friendly cooperation with Africa. The African countries have rich natural resources and become a strategic place for the competition of great powers, which objectively benefit Africa. China also has the interest demand on the African continent, especially on the African continent. In addition to this, China Africa cooperation is also reflected in health cooperation, military cooperation and infrastructure construction. China's cooperation with Africa is different from the Western powers, and the cooperation based on equality makes the African countries' expectations of China far better than other countries.
Although China Africa relations have been greatly developed, the problems and contradictions exist as well. From China, there are unrealistic aid projects, lack of environmental assessment, legal bottlenecks in economic prosperity, counterfeit and shoddy commodities, and a single level of aid. From the angle of Africa, there is a political instability and a single economic structure. China and the two African countries' strategic needs for each other are still the main driving force for the development of the cooperative relationship, especially the formation of the cooperation mechanism of the China Africa Cooperation Forum. China and Africa will be able to conduct in-depth dialogues and increase mutual trust on many issues. In the new century, the diplomatic relations between China and Africa are also facing three major changes: extending from official diplomacy to civil diplomacy, extending from elite diplomacy to popular diplomacy, extending from bilateral diplomacy to multilateral diplomacy. This transformation provides the opportunity for the further development of Sino African relations. However, there are many challenges. Therefore, both sides need to take a long view and focus on long-term good development.
In the case of Mauritania, the relationship between China and China has been strengthened. Mauritania is an important China oil, chemical raw material, mineral resource importing country, and the port of mutual investment by both sides is more Chinese ocean transportation. It provides great convenience. China is Mauritania's economic development, the construction of a modern country, a strong reliance on materials and technical assistance. The harmonious stability of the Sino Mao relationship provides a guarantee for Mauritania to go out of the predicament and continue to modernize. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1967, the two sides have spared no effort to carry out culture, health, sports, Exchange of education. In recent years, the two governments have signed a series of agreements and have communicated with each other on a series of diplomatic wishes, and bilateral relations have been developing steadily.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D822.3

【参考文献】