冷战后美国南海政策的演变及其根源

发布时间：2018-06-02 23:49

本文选题：南海政策 + 亚洲再平衡　；参考：《世界经济与政治》2014年06期

【摘要】：美国的南海政策在冷战后逐渐发生了变化。1990-1994年期间,美国对南海问题的基本政策是,对各方领土要求的合法性不持立场,只强调用和平手段解决领土纠纷,同时关注南海的航行自由。从1995年中菲美济礁争端开始,美国对南海问题的关注程度逐步加深,但不认为其航行自由受到阻碍,因此还没有改变在南海领土问题上不选边的立场。然而,以2010年7月希拉里·克林顿国务卿的河内讲话为转折点,美国的南海政策发生了实质性改变,从"观察"转变为"干预"。美国不仅对其在南海航行自由的担忧加剧了,在南海领土问题上也实际上做了选边。由于美国全球战略的实现依赖于它在世界各地无阻碍地投放兵力的能力,海上航行自由对于美国来说是生命攸关的利益。随着美国做出把其战略重心转向亚太地区的决定,在南海的航行自由变得对它尤为重要。因此,当南海领土主权问题与在南海的国际航行自由问题叠加在一起时,它就不再仅仅是一个"第三方因素",而成为一个直接关系到美国核心利益的问题。美国政府内部已经就在南海问题上对中国采取更加强硬的立场形成了共识,中国对此应有所准备。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea Policy in the United States gradually changed in the.1990-1994 period after the cold war. The basic policy of the United States to the South China Sea issue is that it does not hold a stand on the legitimacy of the territorial requirements of all parties, only calls for peaceful means to solve territorial disputes, while paying attention to the freedom of navigation in the South China Sea. From the 1995 dispute over the Philippines reef, the United States has made the South China Sea issue However, in July 2010, Secretary of state Hilllary Clinton's Hanoi speech was a turning point. However, the U.S. South China Sea policy changed substantially from "observation" to "intervention". Its concern for freedom of navigation in the South China Sea has intensified and has actually been chosen on the issue of the South China Sea territory. As the realization of the US global strategy depends on its unimpeded ability to launch its troops around the world, freedom of navigation is a vital interest to the United States. The freedom of navigation in the South China Sea becomes particularly important to the decision of the South China Sea. Therefore, when the issue of territorial sovereignty of the South China Sea is superimposed on the issue of freedom of international navigation in the South China Sea, it is no longer only a "third party factor", but a question directly related to the core interests of the United States. A consensus has been reached on taking a more tough stance on China. China should be prepared for this.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院美国研究所;
【分类号】：D823;D871.2

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