十月战争时期的美国中东政策研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 07:57

本文选题：冷战 + 中东　；参考：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：阿以冲突一直是导致中东局势动荡不安、战火不断的重要原因。随着国际局势的发展,中东地区各种民族、种族和宗教矛盾不仅没有化解,反而由于外部力量的卷入,衍生出新的问题和矛盾。值得一提的是,美国中东政策在很大程度上影响着阿以冲突的演变。冷战时期,美国试图将中东作为抵制苏联渗透和扩张的前沿阵地,努力在阿以冲突中扮演重要角色,争取在该地区塑造有利于美国的秩序,维持脆弱的平衡。文章主要对1973年十月战争期间的美国中东政策加以考察,利用美国国务院最新解密的外交档案并借鉴已有的研究成果,梳理十月战争时期中东局势的发展与美国中东外交的互动关系,分析美国政府在实现其全球战略与推进中东和平进程的目标与手段、政策及影响。在论文中,笔者尝试说明以下问题：十月战争是美国中东外交的转折点。十月战争的突然爆发冲击了美国中东政策的传统思维,特别是阿拉伯国家发动的石油斗争为美国调整中东政策注入了新因素；美国中东政策的制定和实行同苏联、阿以双方以及美国国内的利益集团都有着千丝万缕的联系,十月战争期间,面对中东混乱的局势,美国国务卿基辛格在苏联、以色列和阿拉伯国家之间穿梭斡旋,软硬兼施,多管齐下,成功地打击了苏联在中东的势力,短期内实现了中东和平,并摆脱了石油禁运的威胁。总而言之,十月战争在冲击美国中东外交惯有思维的同时也成为美国中东政策调整的有利契机。
[Abstract]:The Arab-Israeli conflict has been a major cause of instability and constant fighting in the Middle East. With the development of international situation, all kinds of ethnic, ethnic and religious contradictions in the Middle East region have not been resolved, on the contrary, new problems and contradictions have arisen due to the involvement of external forces. It is worth mentioning that American Middle East policy greatly influences the evolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict. During the Cold War, the United States tried to regard the Middle East as a front position to resist the Soviet Union's infiltration and expansion, and to play an important role in the Arab-Israeli conflict, in order to create an order favorable to the United States and to maintain a fragile balance in the region. The article mainly examines the Middle East policy of the United States during the October 1973 war, using the newly declassified diplomatic archives of the United States Department of State and drawing on the existing research results. This paper combs the interactive relationship between the development of the Middle East situation during the October War and American Middle East diplomacy, and analyzes the goals and means, policies and influence of the American government in realizing its global strategy and promoting the Middle East peace process. In this paper, I try to explain the following problems: October War is the turning point of American Middle East diplomacy. The sudden outbreak of the October war hit the traditional thinking of the United States' Middle East policy, especially the oil struggle launched by the Arab countries, which injected new factors into the adjustment of the United States' Middle East policy; the formulation and implementation of the United States' Middle East policy with the Soviet Union, Both sides of the Arab and Israeli sides and interest groups in the United States are inextricably linked. In the face of the chaotic situation in the Middle East during the October war, US Secretary of State Kissinger shuttled between the Soviet Union, Israel and the Arab countries, both hard and soft. A multi-pronged approach successfully hit Soviet power in the Middle East, brought peace to the Middle East in the short term and freed itself from the threat of an oil embargo. In a word, the October War has been a favorable opportunity for the adjustment of American Middle East policy.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D871.2;D815.4

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