南海问题的由来、现状及解决机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 00:05

本文选题：南海 + 权力　；参考：《四川省社会科学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：南海，又称南中国海。为中国、越南、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、文莱和菲律宾等国家所环绕，是中国进入印度洋和大西洋的重要通道，，战略地位显著。从上世纪七十年代开始，随着丰富的油气资源大量被发现，引发了南海问题，即主要指南海部分岛礁（最主要是南沙群岛，其次还有中沙和西沙群岛部分岛礁）的主权归属问题，以及南海周边各国对南海海域海洋资源开采权的争夺。在各国争夺岛礁的过程中，南海地区的地缘格局也在发生着新的变化，不断有区域外大国进行干预，非传统安全的因素和影响日益凸显。在南海问题上，各国对于南沙群岛主权的争夺无疑是最激烈的。事实上，无论从法理依据，还是历史依据，中国对南沙群岛均具有无可争议的主权。随着经济实力、国家发展战略、国际环境等因素不断变化，我国也相应调整了针对南海问题的具体政策。1992年，中国政府正式阐述了关于解决南海争端的原则立场，即“主权在我，搁置争议，共同开发”。2002年11月4日中国与东盟签订了《南海各方行为宣言》，争端国家都表明愿意以和平方式解决南海问题的立场和愿望。我们希望与南海周边国家在和平与发展的时代主题下和平解决南海问题，共同合作，协同开发。本文主要探讨了与南海问题有关的理论；描述了南海的历史与现状；梳理了20世纪70年代以来中国和南海周边国家围绕南海岛礁的主权归属的问题、冲突、态度和政策；并从法律、外交等角度提出了解决南海问题的机制。笔者认为，中国绝对不能放弃对南海岛礁的主权，但力争和平发展的国际环境也是当下十分重要的课题。在南海问题上，无论矛盾如何激化，各国都应该坚持和平、协商、避免武力的原则。由中国与南海周边国家合作开发南海资源，以最优的方式维护各国的最大利益。
[Abstract]:South China Sea, also known as the South China Sea. Surrounded by China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei and the Philippines, it is an important channel for China to enter the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean. Since the 1970s, with the discovery of abundant oil and gas resources, the problem in the South China Sea has arisen, that is, mainly referring to some islands and reefs in the South China Sea (most notably the Nansha Islands). Then there is the sovereignty of some islands and reefs in Zhongsha and Xisha Islands, as well as the competition among the countries around the South China Sea for the exploitation of marine resources in the South China Sea. In the process of various countries competing for islands and reefs, the geographical structure of the South China Sea region is also undergoing new changes, and the non-traditional security factors and influence are becoming increasingly prominent. On the issue of the South China Sea, the dispute over the Spratly Islands is undoubtedly the fiercest. In fact, China has undisputed sovereignty over Nansha Islands on both legal and historical grounds. With the constant changes in economic strength, national development strategy, international environment, and other factors, China has accordingly adjusted its specific policy on the South China Sea issue. In 1992, the Chinese government formally expounded its principled stand on resolving disputes in the South China Sea. On November 4, 2002, China and ASEAN signed the Declaration on the Conduct of parties in the South China Sea. All the countries in the dispute expressed their willingness to resolve the South China Sea issue by peaceful means. We hope to resolve the South China Sea issue peacefully with the neighboring countries under the theme of peace and development, cooperate and develop in a coordinated manner. This paper mainly discusses the theories related to the South China Sea, describes the history and present situation of the South China Sea, combs the issues, conflicts, attitudes and policies of the sovereignty of China and the surrounding countries around the South China Sea since the 1970s. And from the legal, diplomatic and other aspects of the South China Sea to solve the problem of the mechanism. The author holds that China must not give up its sovereignty over the islands and reefs in the South China Sea, but the international environment for peaceful development is also a very important issue at present. On the South China Sea issue, no matter how fierce the contradictions, countries should adhere to the principle of peace, consultation and avoidance of force. China cooperates with neighboring countries to develop resources in the South China Sea to safeguard the best interests of all countries in the best way.
【学位授予单位】：四川省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D823

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