论魏兹曼对以色列建国的贡献

发布时间：2018-06-27 22:37

本文选题：哈伊姆·魏兹曼 + 犹太复国主义运动　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：1948年5月以色列国的建立是20世纪世界历史上的一件大事。它标志着犹太复国主义运动的最后胜利。在这场轰轰烈烈的运动中,涌现出无数杰出的人物,哈伊姆·魏兹曼就是其中不可或缺的一位伟人。魏兹曼把自己一生的大部分精力都奉献给了犹太复国主义事业。他在各大国之间纵横捭阖,饱经磨难,为以色列国的建立立下汗马功劳,成为犹太复国主义运动史上前承赫茨尔,后启本-古里安的最重要的领导人之一。本文共分为三节：第一节主要论述了魏兹曼的犹太复国主义思想观及其在二战以前的犹太复国主义活动。魏兹曼的犹太复国主义思想观包括三个方面：首先是把巴勒斯坦确定为犹太人唯一的建国之地；其次是确立了依靠大国建国的路线方针；最后是与巴勒斯坦的原住民阿拉伯人之间的相处方式——从最初的阿犹和平共处,共建一国到最后借助强国的支持独立建国。二战以前魏兹曼的主要活动包括两个方面：促使《贝尔福宣言》的出台和签订《魏兹曼—费萨尔协定》。第二节主要论述了二战期间魏兹曼对实现犹太复国主义目标所做的努力。包括四个方面：一是寻求大国的支持。除了继续谋求英国的支持外,魏兹曼还积极寻求当时最强大的两个国家美国和苏联的支持。二是建立犹太军队。这是犹太人在二战初期就追求的目标,其中虽然几经波折,但最后终于梦想成真。三是争取向巴勒斯坦移民。在纳粹屠犹的历史背景下,鉴于其他国家都不想接受犹太难民和移民,争取让犹太人移民巴勒斯坦就成为唯一的选择。四是以技术换支持。第三节主要论述了二战结束以后,围绕分治决议的通过和以色列国的建立魏兹曼所做的一系列努力。为了争取分治决议顺利通过,魏兹曼多方求助,依靠大国、争取小国,使得分治决议得到联合国代表多数的同意,为以色列国的建立提供了法律依据。在1948年5月以色列国建立前后,魏兹曼又利用一切力量寻求支持,最终使得以色列得到国际社会的认可,成为联合国的正式成员国之一。以色列国建立后,魏兹曼当选为第一任总统,并且被尊为以色列的国父。这是对魏兹曼的崇高品格及其为犹太人建国事业所做贡献的充分肯定。
[Abstract]:The establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948 was a major event in the world history of the 20 th century. It marked the final victory of the Zionist movement. Haim Weizman is one of the great men in the great movement. Weizman devoted most of his life to the Zionist cause. He manoeuvred among the great powers, suffered a lot, made great contributions to the establishment of the state of Israel, and became one of the most important leaders of the Zionist movement in the history of Zionism. This paper is divided into three sections: the first section mainly discusses Weizman's Zionist ideology and its Zionist activities before World War II. Weizman's view of Zionism includes three aspects: first, Palestine is determined as the only land for Jewish statehood, and secondly, the line and policy of relying on the great power to establish the state are established. Finally, there is the way to get along with the native Arabs of Palestine-from the initial peaceful coexistence of Ayu, to the building of a state with the support of powerful nations for independent statehood. Before World War II, Weizman's main activities included two aspects: the introduction of the Belfort Declaration and the signing of the Weizman- Faisal Agreement. The second section mainly discusses Weizman's efforts to achieve the Zionist goal during World War II. Including four aspects: first, to seek the support of major countries. In addition to continuing to seek British support, Weizman actively sought the support of the two most powerful nations of the time, the United States and the Soviet Union. Second, the establishment of a Jewish army. It was a goal that Jews had pursued in the early part of World War II, but it was a dream come true. Third, to strive for Palestinian immigrants. In the historical context of Nazi slaughter of Jude, since no other country wants to accept Jewish refugees and immigrants, it is the only option for Jews to immigrate to Palestine. Fourth, technology for support. The third section mainly discusses a series of efforts about the adoption of partition resolution and the establishment of the State of Israel after the end of World War II. In order to win the successful passage of partition resolution, Weizman sought help from many parties, relying on large countries and small countries, so that the partition resolution was approved by the majority of the representatives of the United Nations, which provided a legal basis for the establishment of the State of Israel. Before and after the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948 Weizman used all his strength to seek support and finally Israel was recognized by the international community and became one of the full members of the United Nations. When the State of Israel was founded, Weizman was elected the first President and respected as the father of Israel. This is a full affirmation of Weizman's lofty character and his contribution to the cause of Jewish statehood.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K382;D815.4

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