国际关系视野中的诺贝尔和平奖

发布时间：2018-07-15 12:11

【摘要】：和平是人类的终极目标之一。诺贝尔和平奖的设立就是为了促进实现人类的和平共处。自1901年首次颁发以来,诺贝尔和平奖已经走过了一百多年的历史。在这一百多年里,人类经历了有史以来两次最为惨烈的战争,至今世界仍不安宁,在一些敏感地区,冲突不断,暴力时有发生。人类文明发展到今天,和平似乎仍然遥不可及。尽管如此,人们并没有对和平失去希望,诺贝尔和平奖一百多年的历史就是证明。本文将诺贝尔和平奖置于国际关系的视野中进行考察。在时间的划分上,作者将国际关系史与诺贝尔和平奖的历史结合在一起,把诺贝尔和平奖的历史分成了六个阶段,构成了本文的六章内容。第一章主要介绍了“和平”的概念、诺贝尔和平奖颁发的历史背景、颁奖机制、诺贝尔和平奖所体现的自由主义基本理念。第二章至第五章将诺贝尔和平奖110年的历史分为四个时期,分别介绍了每个时期诺贝尔和平奖的发展状况及主要特点,对所涉及的诺贝尔和平奖得主作出了简要介绍。第一个时期是1901-1918年。一战结束之前的诺贝尔和平奖主要侧重于对有组织的和平运动领袖及国际法学家的奖励。这一时期有关诺贝尔和平奖的争论与人道主义有关,即人道主义是否有助于和平。诺贝尔和平奖委员会对此问题的回答是肯定的。第二个时期是1919-1943年。两次大战期间,特别是1920年代,与欧洲民间及外交界普遍的和平预期相呼应,诺贝尔和平奖委员会通过颁发和平奖而表现出对国际和平机制建设的热情,但是脆弱的国际和平机制并没有经受住国际政治现实的考验,此间的部分诺贝尔和平奖也没有经受住时间的考验。第三个时期是1944-1990年。二战后不久,随着以美苏为首的东西方阵营的成立,整个世界处于冷战的阴影之下,诺贝尔和平奖的颁发也不例外。斯大林国际和平奖(后改为列宁国际和平奖)一度与诺贝尔和平奖在意识形态领域内形成“两极”对立状态。此间的诺贝尔和平奖出现了一个新的动向,那就是对人权的关注。与此同时,诺贝尔和平奖委员会对核裁军的态度也逐渐由支持西方国家立场向完全反对核军备竞赛转变。第四个时期是1991年至今。冷战之后,诺贝尔和平奖委员会对“和平”的理解更为宽泛了,一些“问题领域”如发展问题、环境问题也成为诺贝尔和平奖关注的焦点。第六章主要是对诺贝尔和平奖的总体评价,包括发展趋势、备受关注的原因、及其对人类和平文化的贡献。论文的创新之处是在国际关系的视野内对诺贝尔和平奖进行了理论上的分析,这种分析在前五章的最后一节以理论解读的形式出现,题目分别是:自由主义—诺贝尔和平奖所奉行的基本理念、人道主义有助于战争还是和平、挪威人视野中的和平还是全球视野中的和平、正义和平还是秩序和平、国际制度理论—观察诺贝尔和平奖的一个新视野。通过理论解析,文章得出结论:诺贝尔和平奖体现了西方的自由主义传统;诺贝尔和平奖委员会认为人道主义也是促进和平的一种手段;诺贝尔和平奖在肯定秩序和平的基础上追求的是一种正义和平;可以从建构主义国际制度理论的视角对诺贝尔和平奖进行诠释——有着百余年历史的诺贝尔和平奖已经成为一种国际制度,这种国际制度在一定程度上是有效的。
[Abstract]:Peace is one of the ultimate goals of human beings. The Nobel peace prize is set up to promote the peaceful coexistence of human beings. Since the first issue of the 1901, the Nobel Peace Prize has gone through the history of more than 100 years. In these more than 100 years, human beings have experienced the two worst wars in history, and the world is still unpeaceful so far. Some sensitive areas, conflicts, and violence happen. Human civilization has developed to today, and peace still seems to be unreachable. Even so, people have not lost hope of peace. The history of the more than 100 year of the Nobel peace prize is a proof.
In this paper, the Nobel peace prize is examined in the view of international relations. In the division of time, the author combines the history of international relations with the history of the Nobel Peace Prize together, divides the history of Nobel Peace Prize into six stages, and constitutes the six chapter of this article. The first chapter introduces the concept of "peace", Norbert The historical background of the awarding of the peace prize, the awarding mechanism and the basic liberalism embodied in the Nobel peace prize. The second to fifth chapters divide the history of the 110 year Nobel Peace Prize into four periods, and respectively introduce the development and main characteristics of the Nobel peace prize at each period, and make a contribution to the Nobel Peace Prize winner involved. A brief introduction. The first period was 1901-1918 years. The Nobel Peace Prize before the end of the first World War was mainly focused on the award of organized peace movement leaders and international jurists. The debate on the Nobel Peace Prize in this period was related to humanitarianism, that is, whether humanitarianism helps peace. The Nobel peace Prize Committee The answer was affirmative. The second period was 1919-1943 years. During the two World War, especially in 1920s, it echoed the universal peace expectations of the European Civil and diplomatic circles. The Nobel Peace Prize Committee showed the heat of the construction of the international peace mechanism by the award of the peace prize, but the fragile International peace mechanism did not pass. Under the test of international political reality, part of the Nobel peace prize was not tested. Third periods were 1944-1990 years. Shortly after World War II, with the establishment of the eastern and Western camps headed by the United States and the Soviet Union, the whole world was under the shadow of the cold war, and the award of the Nobel peace prize was no exception. Stalin international peace. The prize (later changed to the Lenin International Peace Prize) was once opposed to the "two poles" in the ideological field with the Nobel peace prize. There was a new trend in the Nobel peace prize, which was the attention to human rights. At the same time, the Nobel Peace Prize Committee's attitude towards nuclear disarmament was gradually supported by the stand of western countries. The fourth period was from 1991 to the present. After the cold war, the Nobel Peace Prize Committee has more broad understanding of "peace". Some "problem areas" such as development and environmental issues have become the focus of the Nobel peace prize. The sixth chapter is mainly the overall evaluation of the Nobel peace prize, It includes the trend of development, the cause of concern and its contribution to the culture of human peace.
The innovation of this paper is the theoretical analysis of the Nobel Peace Prize in the view of international relations. This analysis appears in the last section of the first five chapters in the form of theoretical interpretation. The title is the basic idea of the liberal Nobel peace prize, which is helpful to war or peace, and the Norwegian people's vision. Peace in the global vision, the peace in the world, the peace of justice or order, the theory of international systems, a new view of the Nobel peace prize. Through theoretical analysis, the article concludes that the Nobel Peace Prize embodies the liberal tradition of the West; Nobel and the Peace Prize Committee believe that humanitarianism is also a promotion of peace. One means; the Nobel peace prize, on the basis of the affirmative peace, is pursuing a kind of just peace; the Nobel peace prize can be interpreted from the perspective of the constructivist international system theory - the Nobel peace prize of more than 100 years has become an international system, and this international system is to a certain extent It works.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D80

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