奥巴马就任总统以来美对俄政策的变化
发布时间：2018-07-18 18:52
【摘要】： 美俄关系是当今世界上最重要的双边关系之一,这是由美国和俄罗斯的国家实力和国际地位决定的,也是由他们的国际战略和外交政策具有很强的全球影响力这一现实决定的。但是,美俄关系的发展历程并非一帆风顺。本文旨在考察奥巴马就任总统以后美国的对俄政策及由此带来的美俄关系的变化。 本文第一部分着重分析了奥巴马上台时继承的美俄关系的遗产。奥巴马接手的美国,面临着一系列棘手的问题需要处理,特别是伊拉克战争、阿富汗战争和金融危机。同时,美国在国际格局中的地位相对下降,在全球的国际形象大幅下挫。而此时的俄罗斯在“梅普体制”下,稳步向前发展。美俄关系在奥巴马上台时已经陷入僵局,双边关系弥漫着互不信任情绪及战略抵触态势。美俄关系的恶化对美国产生了不利影响,因此,着手“重启”美俄关系成为奥巴马的一大外交任务。 本文第二部分着重考察了奥巴马“重启”美俄关系的进程,并分析了其实质。一年多来,奥巴马通过主动调整,不断释放“重启”信息,并以核武器谈判等问题为突破口,推动了美俄关系的转暖。纵观这一时期美俄关系的变化,与布什政府相比,继承与变革并存,在表象上,变革大于继承;与同时期奥巴马对其他国家和地区相比,总体步伐一致。 本文第三部分着重分析了推动奥巴马“重启”美俄关系的原因。美俄关系的新变化,源于美国国内的变化、俄罗斯的反应及国际环境的影响这三个方面。在美国国内层面,奥巴马团队尤其是其本人因素、美国国内思潮变化尤其是学者的反思建言起到了主导作用。在俄罗斯方面,俄罗斯的积极回应注入了美俄关系持续回暖的动力。在全球层面,一系列严峻的国际问题现实客观上要求美俄担负起各自责任,同时,国际社会普遍对美俄关系改善充满期待,乐观其成。 本文第四部分着重分析了影响美俄关系发展的几个问题。奥巴马对俄政策能否延续及能否得到国内普遍支持的不确定性,俄罗斯对美回应的不确定性,以及美俄关系固有的深层心理矛盾,这三方面因素决定了未来美俄关系出现一定的徘徊不可避免,期待美俄关系出现大的转圜也不现实。 文章最后认为,在多种因素的推动下,奥巴马一年多来对俄关系的“重启”,取得了一定成绩,产生了比较积极的影响,但双边关系的大部分议题仍是悬而未决。总体稳定、局部冲突,仍将是美俄关系的基调,“伙伴——竞争对手”的复合关系将是美俄关系的常态。
[Abstract]:The relationship between the United States and Russia is one of the most important bilateral relations in the world today, which is determined by the national strength and international status of the United States and Russia, as well as by the fact that their international strategy and foreign policy have strong global influence. However, the course of development of American-Russian relations is not smooth sailing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the American policy toward Russia and the changes in its relations since Obama took office. The first part of this paper focuses on Obama's inheritance of American-Russian relations when he came to power. Obama inherited the United States, facing a series of difficult issues to deal with, in particular the war in Iraq, the war in Afghanistan and the financial crisis. At the same time, the status of the United States in the international structure of the relative decline in the global image of a sharp decline. At this time, Russia in the "Meip system," steady forward development. Relations between the US and Russia were already deadlocked when Obama took office, with distrust and strategic resistance permeating bilateral relations. The deterioration of U.S.-Russian relations has had a negative impact on the United States, so it has become a major diplomatic task for Obama to "restart" US-Russian relations. The second part focuses on the process of Obama's "restarting" American-Russian relations, and analyzes its essence. For more than a year, Obama has driven the warming of US-Russia relations by actively adjusting, constantly releasing the message of "restarting", and using issues such as nuclear weapons negotiations as a breakthrough. Looking at the changes in U.S.-Russia relations in this period, compared with the Bush administration, inheritance and change coexist, in appearance, change is greater than inheritance; compared with other countries and regions in the same period, the overall pace of Obama is consistent. The third part of this paper analyzes the reasons why Obama "restarts" the relationship between Russia and America. The new changes in American-Russian relations stem from the changes in the United States, Russia's reaction and the impact of the international environment. At the domestic level, the Obama team, especially its own factors, the changes in the trend of thought in the United States, especially scholars' reflection and advice played a leading role. On the Russian side, Russia's positive response has injected momentum for continued warming in US-Russian relations. At the global level, a series of severe international problems objectively require the United States and Russia to shoulder their respective responsibilities. At the same time, the international community is generally full of expectations and optimism about the improvement of US-Russia relations. The fourth part of this paper focuses on the analysis of several issues affecting the development of American-Russian relations. Obama's uncertainty about whether his Russian policy can continue and whether he can gain general support at home, the uncertainty of Russia's response to the United States, and the deep psychological contradictions inherent in US-Russian relations, These three factors determine that the future U.S.-Russian relations are inevitable, and it is not realistic to expect a big turnaround in U.S.-Russian relations. Finally, under the impetus of various factors, Obama has made some achievements in "restarting" relations with Russia over the past year, which has had a relatively positive impact, but most of the issues in bilateral relations are still unresolved. Overall stability and local conflicts will remain the keynote of U.S.-Russian relations, and the compound relationship of "partner-competitor" will be the normal state of US-Russian relations.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2
本文编号：2132666
[Abstract]:The relationship between the United States and Russia is one of the most important bilateral relations in the world today, which is determined by the national strength and international status of the United States and Russia, as well as by the fact that their international strategy and foreign policy have strong global influence. However, the course of development of American-Russian relations is not smooth sailing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the American policy toward Russia and the changes in its relations since Obama took office. The first part of this paper focuses on Obama's inheritance of American-Russian relations when he came to power. Obama inherited the United States, facing a series of difficult issues to deal with, in particular the war in Iraq, the war in Afghanistan and the financial crisis. At the same time, the status of the United States in the international structure of the relative decline in the global image of a sharp decline. At this time, Russia in the "Meip system," steady forward development. Relations between the US and Russia were already deadlocked when Obama took office, with distrust and strategic resistance permeating bilateral relations. The deterioration of U.S.-Russian relations has had a negative impact on the United States, so it has become a major diplomatic task for Obama to "restart" US-Russian relations. The second part focuses on the process of Obama's "restarting" American-Russian relations, and analyzes its essence. For more than a year, Obama has driven the warming of US-Russia relations by actively adjusting, constantly releasing the message of "restarting", and using issues such as nuclear weapons negotiations as a breakthrough. Looking at the changes in U.S.-Russia relations in this period, compared with the Bush administration, inheritance and change coexist, in appearance, change is greater than inheritance; compared with other countries and regions in the same period, the overall pace of Obama is consistent. The third part of this paper analyzes the reasons why Obama "restarts" the relationship between Russia and America. The new changes in American-Russian relations stem from the changes in the United States, Russia's reaction and the impact of the international environment. At the domestic level, the Obama team, especially its own factors, the changes in the trend of thought in the United States, especially scholars' reflection and advice played a leading role. On the Russian side, Russia's positive response has injected momentum for continued warming in US-Russian relations. At the global level, a series of severe international problems objectively require the United States and Russia to shoulder their respective responsibilities. At the same time, the international community is generally full of expectations and optimism about the improvement of US-Russia relations. The fourth part of this paper focuses on the analysis of several issues affecting the development of American-Russian relations. Obama's uncertainty about whether his Russian policy can continue and whether he can gain general support at home, the uncertainty of Russia's response to the United States, and the deep psychological contradictions inherent in US-Russian relations, These three factors determine that the future U.S.-Russian relations are inevitable, and it is not realistic to expect a big turnaround in U.S.-Russian relations. Finally, under the impetus of various factors, Obama has made some achievements in "restarting" relations with Russia over the past year, which has had a relatively positive impact, but most of the issues in bilateral relations are still unresolved. Overall stability and local conflicts will remain the keynote of U.S.-Russian relations, and the compound relationship of "partner-competitor" will be the normal state of US-Russian relations.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 秦伟;从“金砖四国”的崛起看国际体系的效应[D];上海社会科学院;2011年
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