从认知视角看正常化过程中的中英关系（1949-1972）
发布时间：2018-07-25 19:58
【摘要】：关于正常化过程的中英关系研究在学术界已经是一个老生常谈的论题,在内容上已无法突破前人的研究范围和框架。然而,本文从主观认知(社会认知)角度又对该论题进行了重新梳理,文章大体结构主要分为四个部分,第一部分在对社会认知相关概念进行界定的同时,笔者还探讨了社会认知与社会行为之间的关系,提出了“社会认知是社会行为的结果”的观点,基于传统的现实主义理论体系遭到质疑、相关学科和新兴学科的发展和二战后有关心理因素研究成果在人类学、社会学和经济学大量出现,这三方面的影响,认知心理学在20世纪70年代广泛地应用于国际关系领域的一些有争论的领域,如国际危机、和平和国际谈判等等,但最多应用于对外政策的决策分析上。 第二、三部分,笔者对中英关系正常化过程中英国的自我认知和对彼此的认知进行了深入的探讨。就英国而言,虽然在二战中损失惨重,但英国依然是一个大国,并且第一个建成福利国家,成为西方建设福利国家的典范,同时,为了与美苏抗衡,英国积极的回归欧洲,是欧洲的一员。对于新中国的认识,英国首先在法律上承认了中华人民共和国是中国唯一的合法政府,但是出于冷战的考虑,又认为中国是必须遏制的对象,随着六七十年代随着国际形势的变化,英国政府改变了对中国的敌对态度,把中国定位于“潜在的盟友”。而就中国而言,自诞生之日起,就受到两种意识(民族主义和国家主权意识)的影响,因而在对英国的认识上也深深地打上这样的烙印,认为英国是美帝国主义的走狗,六七十年代由于中苏关系的恶化,出于战略利益的考虑,中国领导人也改变的对英国的认识,认为英国是可以争取的力量。正是由于两国对彼此认知的变化,为两国关系的正常化提供了契机。但必须指出的是这么说并不否认其他因素在正常化过程中的作用。第四部分笔者在制约中英关系正常化的因素中挑选了一个具有代表性、典型性和持久性的问题—联合国代表权问题作为案例,以中英两国对该问题的认识为出发点,分析了两国在不同时期主观认识的变化过程,并揭示了两国关系的互动与演变。 最后,笔者对全文做了简短的总结,纵观两国相互认知的历程,在以意识形态为斗争旗帜的冷战格局下,中英在正常化过程中的总体认知大致先后经历了从非敌非友到善意友好,到敌对威胁再到友好的过程,而影响这种认识变化的因素却是复杂的,有英国外交传统的影响,也有新中国建国后国情的制约,当然也无法摆脱整个国际形势变化的推动,比如在联合国代表权问题上,笔者认为正是由于60年代不结盟运动与第三世界的兴起,在影响英国对恢复新中国在联合国代表权问题上的认识发挥了重要作用,从而推动了中英关系的发展。总之,对于中英正常化过程中的相互认知问题,内容涉及到方方面面。
[Abstract]:The study of Sino-British relations in the process of normalization has become a commonplace topic in academic circles and has failed to break through the scope and framework of previous studies in content. However, from the perspective of subjective cognition (social cognition), this paper reorganizes the thesis. The main structure of the article is divided into four parts. The first part defines the related concepts of social cognition at the same time. The author also discusses the relationship between social cognition and social behavior, and puts forward the view that social cognition is the result of social behavior. The impact of the development of related and emerging disciplines and the post-World War II research on psychological factors in anthropology, sociology and economics, Cognitive psychology was widely used in some controversial fields of international relations in the 1970s, such as international crisis, peace, international negotiation, etc. In the second and third parts, the author probes into the self-cognition and cognition of each other in the process of normalization of Sino-British relations. As far as Britain is concerned, although it suffered heavy losses in World War II, it was still a big country, and it was the first to build a welfare state in the West, and in order to compete with the United States and the Soviet Union, Britain actively returned to Europe. He is a member of Europe. Regarding the understanding of the new China, Britain first legally recognized the people's Republic of China as the sole legitimate government of China, but because of the considerations of the cold war, it also believed that China was the object that must be contained. As the international situation changed in the 1960s and 1970s, the British government changed its hostile attitude toward China, positioning China as a "potential ally." As far as China is concerned, since its birth, it has been influenced by two kinds of consciousness (nationalism and national sovereignty consciousness). Therefore, it has also deeply branded Britain as a running dog of US imperialism. In the 1960s and 1970s, due to the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations and the consideration of strategic interests, Chinese leaders also changed their understanding of Britain, believing that Britain was a force that could be won over. It is the change of cognition between the two countries that provides an opportunity for the normalization of relations between the two countries. It must be noted, however, that this does not deny the role of other factors in the normalization process. In the fourth part, the author selects a representative, typical and persistent issue, the representation of the United Nations, as a case, starting from the understanding of this issue between China and the United Kingdom, among the factors restricting the normalization of Sino-British relations. This paper analyzes the changing process of subjective cognition between the two countries in different periods, and reveals the interaction and evolution of the relationship between the two countries. Finally, the author makes a brief summary of the full text, looking at the process of mutual cognition between the two countries, under the Cold War pattern of ideology as the banner of struggle, In the process of normalization, the general cognition of China and Britain has experienced a process from non-enemy, non-friend, friendly to friendly, to hostile threat and then to friendliness. However, the factors influencing this change of cognition are complicated, influenced by the British diplomatic tradition. There are also constraints on China's national conditions after the founding of the people's Republic of China, and of course it is impossible to shake off the impetus of changes in the entire international situation. For example, on the issue of United Nations representation, I think it is precisely because of the rise of the Non-Aligned Movement and the third World Movement in the 1960s. It has played an important role in influencing Britain's understanding of the restoration of New China's representation in the United Nations, thus promoting the development of Sino-British relations. In a word, the mutual cognition in the process of normalization involves all aspects.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D829
本文编号：2144913
[Abstract]:The study of Sino-British relations in the process of normalization has become a commonplace topic in academic circles and has failed to break through the scope and framework of previous studies in content. However, from the perspective of subjective cognition (social cognition), this paper reorganizes the thesis. The main structure of the article is divided into four parts. The first part defines the related concepts of social cognition at the same time. The author also discusses the relationship between social cognition and social behavior, and puts forward the view that social cognition is the result of social behavior. The impact of the development of related and emerging disciplines and the post-World War II research on psychological factors in anthropology, sociology and economics, Cognitive psychology was widely used in some controversial fields of international relations in the 1970s, such as international crisis, peace, international negotiation, etc. In the second and third parts, the author probes into the self-cognition and cognition of each other in the process of normalization of Sino-British relations. As far as Britain is concerned, although it suffered heavy losses in World War II, it was still a big country, and it was the first to build a welfare state in the West, and in order to compete with the United States and the Soviet Union, Britain actively returned to Europe. He is a member of Europe. Regarding the understanding of the new China, Britain first legally recognized the people's Republic of China as the sole legitimate government of China, but because of the considerations of the cold war, it also believed that China was the object that must be contained. As the international situation changed in the 1960s and 1970s, the British government changed its hostile attitude toward China, positioning China as a "potential ally." As far as China is concerned, since its birth, it has been influenced by two kinds of consciousness (nationalism and national sovereignty consciousness). Therefore, it has also deeply branded Britain as a running dog of US imperialism. In the 1960s and 1970s, due to the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations and the consideration of strategic interests, Chinese leaders also changed their understanding of Britain, believing that Britain was a force that could be won over. It is the change of cognition between the two countries that provides an opportunity for the normalization of relations between the two countries. It must be noted, however, that this does not deny the role of other factors in the normalization process. In the fourth part, the author selects a representative, typical and persistent issue, the representation of the United Nations, as a case, starting from the understanding of this issue between China and the United Kingdom, among the factors restricting the normalization of Sino-British relations. This paper analyzes the changing process of subjective cognition between the two countries in different periods, and reveals the interaction and evolution of the relationship between the two countries. Finally, the author makes a brief summary of the full text, looking at the process of mutual cognition between the two countries, under the Cold War pattern of ideology as the banner of struggle, In the process of normalization, the general cognition of China and Britain has experienced a process from non-enemy, non-friend, friendly to friendly, to hostile threat and then to friendliness. However, the factors influencing this change of cognition are complicated, influenced by the British diplomatic tradition. There are also constraints on China's national conditions after the founding of the people's Republic of China, and of course it is impossible to shake off the impetus of changes in the entire international situation. For example, on the issue of United Nations representation, I think it is precisely because of the rise of the Non-Aligned Movement and the third World Movement in the 1960s. It has played an important role in influencing Britain's understanding of the restoration of New China's representation in the United Nations, thus promoting the development of Sino-British relations. In a word, the mutual cognition in the process of normalization involves all aspects.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D829
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 兰杰;罗蓉;;英国主流媒体对中国形象的认识[J];湖北社会科学;2013年08期
，本文编号：2144913
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