论奥巴马政府对欧政策的调整

发布时间：2018-08-06 20:35

【摘要】：奥巴马上台时,美国深陷两场战争和金融危机,无法独立应对各种挑战,急需协调欧洲盟国共度难关。然而,美欧关系因布什政府的单边主义政策出现裂痕,在布什任期内没有取得突破性进展。因此,调整对欧政策成为奥巴马政府外交战略中极为重要的一环。奥巴马政府从三个层面调整了对欧政策。第一个层面是与欧盟的双边关系。奥巴马政府摈弃布什政府的单边主义政策,采取多边现实主义的对欧政策,推出了重视软实力的巧实力外交战略,摆出尊重欧盟并愿与之合作的姿态。第二个层面是北约框架内的美欧协调。奥巴马政府调整了对阿富汗的政策,协调了美欧核裁军与军控的立场,在伊朗核问题上向欧洲的政策靠拢。第三个层面是影响美欧关系的其他问题领域内的政策调整。在气候变化问题上,美国积极参与国际气候谈判并与欧盟合作推动该问题的谈判进程。在反恐问题上,美国的强硬立场出现了改变,同时在人权领域与欧洲协调政策。在中东和平问题上,奥巴马积极参与中东问题的解决,这符合欧洲的期许。奥巴马对欧政策的调整在一定程度上改善了美欧关系,但是却并未消除双方之间的根本矛盾,美欧关系的未来发展仍存在着不确定因素。
[Abstract]:When Obama came to power, the United States was mired in two wars and financial crises, unable to meet the challenges alone, and needed to coordinate with its European allies to tide over the storm. However, there was no breakthrough in US-European relations during the Bush administration because of the rift of the Bush administration's unilateralism policy. Therefore, the adjustment of European policy is an extremely important part of the Obama administration's diplomatic strategy. The Obama administration has adjusted its European policy on three levels. The first level is bilateral relations with the EU. The Obama administration rejected the Bush administration's unilateralism policy, adopted the multilateral realistic policy towards Europe, and put forward the diplomatic strategy of soft power, showing respect for the EU and willing to cooperate with it. The second level is the coordination of the US and Europe within the NATO framework. The Obama administration has adjusted its policy toward Afghanistan, coordinated U.S. and European positions on nuclear disarmament and arms control, and moved closer to European policy on the Iranian nuclear issue. The third level is the policy adjustment in other problem areas that affect US-European relations. On the issue of climate change, the United States actively participates in international climate negotiations and works with the European Union to advance the negotiation process on this issue. On counter-terrorism, the United States has changed its tough stance and coordinated its policy with Europe in the field of human rights. Obama's active involvement in Middle East peace is in line with European expectations. The adjustment of Obama's European policy has improved the U.S.-European relations to some extent, but has not eliminated the fundamental contradiction between the two sides, and there are still uncertain factors in the future development of the US-EU relationship.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2

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