环境非政府组织在美国环境外交中的作用
发布时间：2018-08-11 09:25
【摘要】： 20世纪70年代,非政府组织(Non-governmental organizations, NGOs)在国际舞台上的影响力日益加深,尤其在环境问题上。随着全球环境外交的兴起,国际关系中环境非政府组织(Environmental Non-governmental Organizations, ENGOs)发展迅速,在气候变化、海洋资源、水土保持、生物多样性、可持续发展、清洁能源等环境领域中非常活跃,已成为国际环境外交的重要参与者和国际环境协商决策机制民主化的推进者。 作为世界上的经济人国,美国无论是在人均温室气体排放量、还是各类资源的消耗量,都居世界前列,这决定了它不能缺席于世界环境外交舞台。 美国国内的NGOs十分发达,政府也比较支持ENGOs的发展,在法律上对包括ENGOs在内的各类NGOs的法律地位、税费政策上做了明确的优惠规定,这使得ENGOs在美国具有比较自由的成长空间。ENGOs日渐成为美国环境外交中的一支重要力量。 本文考察了ENGOs概念、特点和分类,认为在美国环境外交中,ENGOs通过自身的积极活动,弥补了政府行政外交中的不足之处,发挥着不可替代的作用。虽然现阶段的ENGOs无论是在组织结构上、还是活动方式中,都存在着一定困难,但是随着ENGOs自身的不断演进,将会在美国环境外交中发挥越来越大的作用。 研究、学习美国ENGOs,学以致用,对于建立健全中国ENGOs相关制度,提高国内ENGOs的地位、加深其影响力,最终建立人与自然和谐相处的社会主义中国,构建社会主义和谐社会,有着重要的启示和借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:In the 1970 s, non-governmental organizations (Non-governmental organizations, NGOs) became increasingly influential on the international stage, especially on environmental issues. With the rise of global environmental diplomacy, environmental non-governmental organizations (Environmental Non-governmental Organizations, ENGOs) in international relations have developed rapidly and become very active in the fields of climate change, marine resources, soil and water conservation, biodiversity, sustainable development, clean energy, and so on. It has become an important participant in international environmental diplomacy and a promoter of democratization of decision-making mechanism of international environmental consultation. As a country of economic man in the world, the United States is in the forefront of the world whether in terms of per capita greenhouse gas emissions or the consumption of all kinds of resources, which determines that it cannot be absent from the world stage of environmental diplomacy. The NGOs in the United States is very developed, and the government also supports the development of ENGOs. In the law, the legal status of various types of NGOs, including ENGOs, and the tax and fee policy are clearly stipulated in preferential terms. This makes ENGOs have a relatively free growth space in the United States. ENGOs are becoming an important force in American environmental diplomacy. This paper examines the concept, characteristics and classification of ENGOs, and concludes that ENGOs plays an irreplaceable role in environmental diplomacy in the United States through its own active activities and makes up for the deficiencies in government administrative diplomacy. Although there are some difficulties in the organization structure and activity mode of ENGOs at present, with the continuous evolution of ENGOs itself, it will play a more and more important role in American environmental diplomacy. To study and learn English Osse in the United States, to establish and perfect the relevant system of China's ENGOs, to improve the status of domestic ENGOs, to deepen its influence, and finally to establish a socialist China in which man and nature live in harmony, and to build a harmonious socialist society. Has the important enlightenment and the reference function.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2;X321
本文编号：2176583
[Abstract]:In the 1970 s, non-governmental organizations (Non-governmental organizations, NGOs) became increasingly influential on the international stage, especially on environmental issues. With the rise of global environmental diplomacy, environmental non-governmental organizations (Environmental Non-governmental Organizations, ENGOs) in international relations have developed rapidly and become very active in the fields of climate change, marine resources, soil and water conservation, biodiversity, sustainable development, clean energy, and so on. It has become an important participant in international environmental diplomacy and a promoter of democratization of decision-making mechanism of international environmental consultation. As a country of economic man in the world, the United States is in the forefront of the world whether in terms of per capita greenhouse gas emissions or the consumption of all kinds of resources, which determines that it cannot be absent from the world stage of environmental diplomacy. The NGOs in the United States is very developed, and the government also supports the development of ENGOs. In the law, the legal status of various types of NGOs, including ENGOs, and the tax and fee policy are clearly stipulated in preferential terms. This makes ENGOs have a relatively free growth space in the United States. ENGOs are becoming an important force in American environmental diplomacy. This paper examines the concept, characteristics and classification of ENGOs, and concludes that ENGOs plays an irreplaceable role in environmental diplomacy in the United States through its own active activities and makes up for the deficiencies in government administrative diplomacy. Although there are some difficulties in the organization structure and activity mode of ENGOs at present, with the continuous evolution of ENGOs itself, it will play a more and more important role in American environmental diplomacy. To study and learn English Osse in the United States, to establish and perfect the relevant system of China's ENGOs, to improve the status of domestic ENGOs, to deepen its influence, and finally to establish a socialist China in which man and nature live in harmony, and to build a harmonious socialist society. Has the important enlightenment and the reference function.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2;X321
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 徐蕾;美国环境外交的历史考察（1960年代-2008年）[D];吉林大学;2012年
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