21世纪初中美对东盟国家公共外交的比较研究

发布时间：2018-08-16 19:29

【摘要】：21世纪以来，公共外交在世界范围内受到广泛关注。中国作为国际政治舞台的新兴力量，虽然开展公共外交起步晚，但在政府和学术界的重视下，进展很大，，被国际舆论称为“魅力攻势”。美国是二战结束后最早提出“公共外交”概念的国家，也是当今世界上开展公共外交活动规模最大、公共外交体系最为成熟的国家。东南亚历来被中美两国视为重要的地缘战略区。中国致力于营造稳定、有利于自身发展的周边环境，美国则从维持全球领导地位出发提出“重返东南亚”。近年来，东南亚成为两国各种势力的交汇点，东盟国家也毫无疑问成为两国公共外交较量的舞台。本文从公共外交的概念阐释入手建立比较分析框架，对21世纪初中美两国对东盟国家开展公共外交的历史和现实背景、具体的实践活动分别进行了详细剖析，并在此基础上从战略理念、组织机制、方法策略和实施效果四个维度对其展开对比。中美两国具有不同的战略理念，其公共外交目标服务于本国整体对外战略，通过公共外交所要传达的核心理念根植于各自的历史文化传统与发展成就。美国拥有较为成熟的公共外交组织机制和科学先进的方法策略；而中国则刚刚建立起有中国特色的公共外交模式雏形，在政府机构设置、非政府主体参与、媒体平台的影响力与网络应用、传播内容与形式、策略的针对性等各方面与美国存在差距。从实施效果上看，东盟国家民意调查结果肯定了中国公共外交的努力，但美国取得的效果更为显著，且已经探索建立了独立、全面的评估体系，而中国尚未就量化评估形成方案。因此，认为中国在公共外交上已经超越美国的论调显然是站不住脚的。中国需要在坚持“与邻为善、以邻为伴”的周边外交方针与“和谐世界”外交理念的基础上，不断向美国学习、借鉴其成功之处。
[Abstract]:Since the 21 st century, public diplomacy has been paid more and more attention all over the world. China, as a new force in the international political arena, started late in public diplomacy, but it has made great progress under the attention of the government and academic circles, and has been called "charm offensive" by international public opinion. The United States was the first country to put forward the concept of "public diplomacy" after the end of World War II. It is also the country with the largest scale of public diplomacy and the most mature public diplomacy system in the world. Southeast Asia has always been regarded as an important geo-strategic area by China and the United States. China is committed to creating a stable and favorable surrounding environment for its own development, while the United States proposes to return to Southeast Asia in order to maintain its global leadership. In recent years, Southeast Asia has become the meeting point of various forces of the two countries, and ASEAN countries have undoubtedly become the stage of public diplomacy contest between the two countries. Based on the concept of public diplomacy, this paper sets up a comparative analysis framework, analyzes in detail the historical and realistic background and specific practical activities of China and the United States in the early 21st century to carry out public diplomacy in ASEAN countries. On this basis, it is compared from four dimensions: strategic concept, organization mechanism, method and strategy, and implementation effect. China and the United States have different strategic concepts, and their public diplomacy aims to serve their overall foreign strategy, and the core concepts to be conveyed through public diplomacy are rooted in their respective historical and cultural traditions and development achievements. The United States has a more mature mechanism for public diplomacy organizations and advanced scientific methods and strategies, while China has just established an embryonic model of public diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, which is set up in government institutions with the participation of non-government subjects. The influence of media platform and network application, the content and form of communication, the pertinence of strategy and so on are different from those of America. The results of the ASEAN public opinion survey confirm China's efforts in public diplomacy, but the United States has achieved more remarkable results and has explored the establishment of an independent and comprehensive evaluation system. China has not yet formed a plan for quantitative assessment. So the argument that China has overtaken the United States in public diplomacy is clearly untenable. China needs to learn from the United States and learn from its success on the basis of adhering to the policy of "being good with its neighbors and taking its neighbors as partners" and the diplomatic concept of "harmonious world".
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D822.2;D871.2

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