冷战后美国的东南亚战略及其对中国安全环境的影响

发布时间：2018-08-21 20:41

【摘要】：东南亚位于欧亚大陆的东部,其地理位置的重要性使之在美国的全球战略中占据着不可忽视的地位。冷战结束后,随着东南亚区域合作进程的加快和战略地位的上升,美国调整了在东南亚地区的战略,根据其自身利益,不断加强在此地区的军事存在,并从各个方面加大对东南亚地区的渗透。东南亚是中国的南邻,自古以来就是中国通向世界的必经之地,在历史上,绝大多数东南亚国家就与中国保持着友好往来。因此,无论从经济利益、国家安全,还是从地缘政治的角度而言,美国在东南亚的行动都将对中国产生极大的影响。所以,研究冷战后美国的东南亚战略,并探讨中国的战略对策,无疑具有重要的现实意义。奥巴马政府上任以来,美国重返东南亚,可谓脚步声声急。国务卿希拉里一改首先访问欧洲或中东的传统,直奔亚洲。奥巴马称美国是“太平洋国家”,坦率表明美国要更加重视亚洲,重视东南亚地区。鉴于此,本文通过对冷战后,美国东南亚战略历史演变的回顾和比较分析,对美国东南亚战略进行理论思考和现实分析,梳理出冷战后美国东南亚战略的主要内容。我们可以发现美国正全方位、强有力地参与东南亚事务,以谋求在东南亚地区的主导权。但是,美国东南亚战略的实施不可能不受到来自各方因素的制约。随着东南亚各国实力不断增强,美国对东南亚地区的支配地位日益下降。面对新的局势,奥巴马政府上台,在“巧实力”外交政策的指导下,本文探讨了美国的东南亚政策会呈现出怎样的走势。最后,结合当前形势,分析冷战后美国东南亚安全战略对我国的影响。通过分析,本文认为美国东南亚战略在一定程度上对我国有积极影响,但是消极影响绝对大于积极影响的,沉着应对美国东南亚政策的变化,对维护中国在东南亚的利益显得尤为重要。中国应主动推动中美两国在东南亚的协调性合作,加强对话与交流,扩大中美在东南亚安全合作领域,同时,积极与东盟开展能源、军事等全方位合作,谋求共同发展。
[Abstract]:Southeast Asia is located in the eastern part of Eurasia, its geographical position makes it play an important role in the global strategy of the United States. After the end of the Cold War, with the acceleration of the process of regional cooperation in Southeast Asia and the rise of its strategic position, the United States adjusted its strategy in Southeast Asia and, in accordance with its own interests, continuously strengthened its military presence in the region. And from all aspects to increase the infiltration of Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia is China's southern neighbor, and it has been a necessary place for China to reach the world since ancient times. In history, most Southeast Asian countries have maintained friendly contacts with China. So American action in Southeast Asia will have a huge impact on China in terms of economic interests, national security, and geopolitics. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the American strategy of Southeast Asia after the Cold War and to explore the strategic countermeasures of China. Since the Obama administration took office, the United States returned to Southeast Asia, can be said to step by step. Instead of visiting Europe or the Middle East first, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton headed straight to Asia. Obama described the United States as a "Pacific nation," a frank indication that the United States should pay more attention to Asia and Southeast Asia. In view of this, this paper reviews and compares the historical evolution of American Southeast Asia strategy after the Cold War, and makes theoretical and practical analysis of American Southeast Asia strategy, and sorts out the main contents of American Southeast Asia Strategy after Cold War. We can see that the United States is fully and strongly engaged in Southeast Asia, seeking leadership in the region. However, the implementation of the US Southeast Asia strategy cannot be unchecked by various factors. With the increasing strength of Southeast Asian countries, America's dominant position in Southeast Asia is declining day by day. In the face of the new situation, the Obama administration came to power, under the guidance of "smart power" foreign policy, this paper discusses the trend of American Southeast Asia policy. Finally, according to the current situation, the paper analyzes the influence of American Southeast Asia security strategy on China. Based on the analysis, this paper holds that the American Southeast Asia strategy has a positive impact on China to some extent, but the negative influence is definitely greater than the positive one. It is particularly important to safeguard China's interests in Southeast Asia. China should take the initiative to promote coordination and cooperation between China and the United States in Southeast Asia, strengthen dialogue and exchanges, expand the security cooperation between China and the United States in Southeast Asia, and actively cooperate with ASEAN in all aspects of energy and military affairs so as to seek common development.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2

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