冷战时期富布莱特项目与美国文化外交

发布时间：2018-09-01 05:55

【摘要】：冷战格局形成后,美苏为首的两大阵营为战胜对手,双方展开“心理战”、“宣传战”。在这场争夺战中,美国利用各种文化外交手段进行意识形态领域的争夺,其目的是使世界了解美国、产生对美国的好感以达到对美国价值观和生活方式的整体认同,旨在推动世界各国对美国了解的富布莱特项目在冷战时期被美国决策者演化为开展“心理战”、“宣传战”的重要工具。随着冷战的发展,美国试图利用文化外交手段使世界了解美国、加强与同盟国的关系以及对以苏共为首的社会主义国家输出意识形态,培养“亲美”意识,富布莱特项目就是冷战时期美国重要的文化交流手段之一。本论文在综合运用历史学、政治学、国际关系学以及文化学等学说理论的基础上,通过对美国相关机构解密的文件和其它文献的梳理分析,得出如下结论:富布莱特项目在冷战时期使得世界各国了解美国人民及文化,提高项目交流者的专业技术知识和学术地位,宣传美国价值观、民主形式以及意识形态,巩固与同盟国的同盟关系,与以苏东为首的社会主义国家的心理战中起到了一定的作用。同时,富布莱特项目也为美国吸纳了全球性人才,为美国整体国力的提高提供了全球性人才高地。但是,由于美国试图利用文化外交手段推销自己的价值观和意识形态,也使各国认清了其开展文化教育交流的本质,在一定程度上丧失了美国文化交流的公信力。如今,文化外交问题已经得到了越来越多国家政要和学界的重视。作为美国文化外交典型的浓缩,富布莱特项目在冷战时期的发展历程具体地展现了美国文化外交的发展轨迹,可为人们认清美国文化外交的本质提供例证。通过分析冷战时期富布莱特项目在美国文化外交中的作用,研究冷战时期的美国文化外交在美国实现整体国家利益中的策略,可达到窥一斑而见美国文化外交全貌的目的,从而为我国正在兴起的对外文化交流工作提供启发和借鉴。一方面,我们应汲取美国文化外交获得成功的经验,为我国的对外交流所用;另一方面,我们还要吸收美国文化外交的教训,使我国取信于世界,建设一个和谐的国际环境,为世界的发展做出我们的贡献。
[Abstract]:After the formation of the Cold War pattern, the two camps led by the United States and the Soviet Union launched psychological warfare and propaganda war in order to defeat their adversaries. In this battle, the United States uses various cultural and diplomatic means to compete in the ideological field, the purpose of which is to make the world understand the United States and generate good feelings towards the United States in order to achieve the overall identity of the American values and way of life. The Fulbright Project, which aims to promote the world's understanding of the United States, was developed by American policy makers during the Cold War as an important tool for conducting "psychological warfare" and "propaganda war". With the development of the Cold War, the United States tried to use cultural diplomacy to make the world understand the United States, strengthen its relations with its allies, export ideology to the socialist countries led by the Soviet Communist Party, and cultivate its "pro-American" consciousness. The Fulbright Project was one of the most important means of cultural exchange in the United States during the Cold War. Based on the theory of history, political science, international relations and cultural science, this paper analyzes the documents and other documents declassified by relevant American institutions. The following conclusion was drawn: during the Cold War, the Fulbright Project made the world understand the American people and culture, enhanced the technical and academic status of its communicators, and promoted American values, democratic forms and ideologies. Consolidating the alliance with the allies and playing a certain role in the psychological warfare of the socialist countries led by the Soviet Union and East Europe. At the same time, Fulbright project also absorbs the global talent for the United States, and provides the global talent highland for the improvement of the overall national strength of the United States. However, because the United States tries to use cultural diplomacy to promote its own values and ideology, it also makes countries recognize the essence of cultural and educational exchanges and lose the credibility of American cultural exchanges to a certain extent. Nowadays, the issue of cultural diplomacy has been paid more and more attention by political leaders and scholars of more and more countries. As a typical enrichment of American cultural diplomacy, Fulbright Project's development course during the Cold War period concretely showed the development track of American cultural diplomacy, which can provide an example for people to recognize the essence of American cultural diplomacy. By analyzing the role of the Fulbright program in American cultural diplomacy during the Cold War, and studying the strategy of American cultural diplomacy in realizing the overall national interests of the United States during the Cold War, the purpose of seeing the whole picture of American cultural diplomacy can be achieved. In order to provide inspiration and reference for China's emerging work of foreign cultural exchanges. On the one hand, we should draw on the successful experience of American cultural diplomacy and use it for our foreign exchanges; on the other hand, we should absorb the lessons of American cultural diplomacy so that our country can win trust in the world and build a harmonious international environment. Make our contribution to the development of the world.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2

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